Cerebral purpose games

Which way should the Ophthalmic Artery course across the optic nerve?

Laterally to medially

No window, or a limited one may be seen with geriatric patients who have _______

Hyperostosis

T/F: The Basilar artery is relatively long. 3-4 cm

True

>,<, or =: BA ______ VA

=

Where is the Posterior Cerebral Artery with relation to the ICA bifurcation?

Posterior and inferior

Disadvantages of Foramen Magnum Approach Include:

Larger transducer footprint

Inability to monitor

>,<, or =: ACA ____ PCA

>

Which vessel is most commonly monitored for vasospasm?

MCA

What is noted at the ICA Bifurcation?

Bidirectional flow

The Transtemporal approach is located over the temporal bone, superior to the ______.

Zygomatic arch

When orienting the image for a Transorbital Approach, the Medial part of the eye should be to the _____

Left

Most common cause of Intracranial Stenosis.

Atherosclerosis

TCD is useful in detecting ______% of intracranial stenoses and occlusions.

^>50%

Which patients are more prone to stroke involving the MCA and ACA

Sickle cell patients

Most common cause of occlusion outside of the Circle of Willis:

Embolism

>,<, or =: MCA _____ ACA

>

From the ICA bifurcation, which way would you aim to locate the Terminal ICA

Inferiorly

How many degrees should the transducer be angled during the transorbital approach

15-20 degrees toward midline

Microembolic signals have a unique Doppler signature called

HITS

T/F: Ultrasound can enhance the effect of thrombolytic agents.

True

For the Foramen Magnum approach, the transducer is placed at the base of the skull and aimed toward _________.

The nose

T/F: There are no landmarks to find the Carotid Siphon

True

Advantages of Foramen Magnum Approach include:

Accurate vessel ID

Decreased learning curve time

Reversal of the flow in the OA is an example of a

Collateral

If all B-Mode reflections are homogenous in the Temporal approach, there is no _________.

Window

A Short systolic spike followed by a small retrograde deflection in diastole or no flow in diastole is associated with

Cerebral circulatory arrest

Used to evaluate extracranial cerebral vascularity

Atlas loop approach

These are conditions that produce ________: Atherosclersis, Dissection, Fibromuscular Dysplasia, Radiation Induced Vasculopathy, Moyamoya Disease, Inflammatory Vasculopathies.

Stenosis

Retromandibular ICA is obtained inpatients that require calculation of the _________.

Lindegaard ratio

TCD plays an important role in determining the effectiveness of ________ in patients who have had strokes

Thrombolysis

Where is the transducer placed for the Atlas Loop approach?

Below the mastoid process, deviation from laminar flow, changes in pulsatility, changes in direction of flow

What does velocity calculation depend upon?

Angle of insonation

If a patient has eye surgery, a transorbital approach shouldn't be performed for at least ________.

6 weeks

To view the Ophthalmic Artery, the transducer should be aimed _______.

Medially

Which approach is subdivided into: Posterior, Middle, Anterior and Frontal locations?

Transtemporal

Primary Diagnostic Features of a Spectral Waveform:

Alteration in velocity, deviation from laminar flow, changes in pulsatility, changes in direction of flow

T/F: Spectral Waveforms can be taken from the easiest segment of the Carotid Siphon.

False

Transient and delayed narrowing of basal cerebral arteries following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Vasospasm

Which vessel connects the Anterior Cerebral Arteries

Anterior communicating artery

________ Velocities are typically measured and reported.

Mean (TAP-V)

Which portion of the ICA gives rise to the Ophthalmic Artery

Cerebral

Portion of the Posterior Cerebral Artery that is after the Posterior Communicating Artery

P2

What type of Doppler is usually obtained Transcranially?

Spectral

What do the Posterior Cerebral Arteries branch from?

Basilar artery

The Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries are associated with the _________ Arteries

Vertebral

T/F: Sample volumes should be small with clear windows

False

The Main Trunk of the Middle Cerebral Artery

M1

Part of the Anterior Cerebral Artery that is before the Anterior Communicating Artery

A1

Segments of the ICA

Petrous, cavernous and cerebral

What connects the Posterior Cerebral Arteries to the Anterior circulation

Posterior communicating arteries

All vessels except Ophthalmic Artery are ______ resistance with high ______ flow.

Low; diastolic

What is the frequency range for non-imaging TCD?

1-2MHz

Branches of the MCA

M2

Part of the Anterior Cerebral Artery that is after the Anterior Communicating Artery

A2

What are the branches of the Terminal ICA?

Anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior communication, anterior choroidal

What do the branches of the Ophthalmic Artery anastomose with?

Branches of the ECA

The Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries and Superior Cerebellar Arteries are associated with the ________.

Basilar artery

Ophthalmic Artery and Posterior Communicating Artery are branches of the:

ICA

The Cavernous Internal Carotid Artery is also known as the :The Cavernous Internal Carotid Artery is also known as the :

Carotid siphon