Chapter 11- MICROBIOLOGY TORTORA

Shown in the figure is the Pelagibacter, enumerate its following characteristics

• One of the most abundant

  microorganisms in oceans

• Extremely small

• Advantage in low-nutrient environments

• Important role in Earth’s carbon cycle

Give the characteristics of Azospirillum.

• Grows in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants

• Forms associations with roots of many plants (tropical

grasses, sugarcane)

• Fixes nitrogen

Give the characteristics of Acetobacteraceae

• Convert ethanol into acetic acid

Give three examples of Rickettsia and their coresponding diseases.

• R. prowazekii: epidemic typhus

• R. typhi: endemic murine typhus

• R. rickettsii: Rocky Mountain spotted fever

What is Ehrlichia?

• Transmitted by ticks

• Cause ehrlichiosis

Describe Caulobacter and Hyphomicrobium.

• Found in low-nutrient aquatic

environments

• Form stalks and prosthecae

• Reproduce via budding rather than

binary fission

Describe Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium

– Fix nitrogen in the roots of

leguminous plants

– Known by the common name of

rhizobia

Describe Agrobacterium.

– Plant pathogen; causes crown

gall

– Inserts a plasmid into plant

cells, inducing a tumor

Describe Bartonella.

• Human pathogen

• B. henselae: cat-scratch disease

Describe Brucella.

• Obligate parasite of mammals; survives

phagocytosis

• Causes brucellosis

Describe and differentiate Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas.

Describe Wolbachia and its significance.

• Endosymbiont of insects

• Affects reproduction of insects

• May be used for insect control

What are the general characteristics of Alphaproteobacteria?

• Most are capable of growing with very low levels of nutrients

• Many have stalks or buds known as prosthecae

• Second largest class of Proteobacteria

• Mostly are obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes

• Oligotrophic

Describe Betaproteobacteria

• The third largest class of Proteobacteria

• Contain an immense amount

  of functional diversity
  

Describe Spirillum

• Found in freshwater

• Move via polar flagella

Describe Sphaerotilus

• Found in freshwater and sewage

• Form sheaths to aid in protection and nutrient gathering
  

Give examples of Burkholderia species.

B. cepacia and B. pseudomallei

degrades more than 100 organic molecules

B. cepacia

causes meliodosis

B. pseudomallei

Give an example species of Bordetella

B. pertussis

Describe B.pertussis

Nonmotile rods that causes whooping cough

Give examples of Neisseria species

• N. gonorrhoeae: cause of gonorrhoea

• N. meningitidis: cause of meningococcal meningitis

Describe Zoogloea

• Important in the activity of the activated sludge system

Describe Gammaproteobacteria

• Is the largest and most diverse class of Proteobacteria containing nearly half of all characterized species in the phylum

• Has diverse metabolic and ecological characteristics

• Enterobacteriales is the largest and best￾known order within the Gammaproteobacteria

Describe Acidithiobacillus