The last lab exam

its soon to be over

What does AgNO3 test for?

Alkyl halides (precipitate of AgX forms in ethanol solution).

What does bromine water test for?

Alkenes and alkynes (rapid decolorisation).

What does KMnO4 (neutral) test for?

Alkenes

What does I2/KI (iodoform test) detect?

Methyl ketones and ethanol-like secondary alcohols (yellow CHI3 precipitate).

How do you distinguish an alkane from an alkene?

Alkene decolorises bromine water and KMnO4

How do you distinguish an alkane from an alkyl halide?

Alkyl halide reacts with AgNO3 in ethanol

How do you distinguish a primary alcohol from a tertiary alcohol?

Primary alcohol reacts with KMnO4

How do you distinguish a secondary alcohol from a methyl ketone?

Both are polar

How do you distinguish an alcohol from a carboxylic acid?

Carboxylic acid turns litmus red and reacts with Na2CO3 (effervescence)

How do you distinguish an amine from a carboxylic acid?

Amine turns litmus blue (basic)

How do you distinguish an aldehyde from a ketone?

Aldehyde reacts with KMnO4

How do you distinguish a methyl ketone from a normal ketone?

Methyl ketone gives a positive iodoform test

How do you distinguish an aromatic from an alkane?

With this kit you cannot — both show no visible reactions.

What is the polarity of a ketone?

Polar.

What is the polarity of an alkane?

Nonpolar.

What is the polarity of an amine?

Polar.

What litmus result does a carboxylic acid give?

Red (acidic).

What litmus result does an amine give?

Blue (basic).

What litmus result does an alcohol give?

Neutral.

What litmus result does an alkane give?

Neutral.

What functional groups react with Na2CO3?

Carboxylic acids (CO2 gas evolved).

What functional groups give positive iodoform test?

Methyl ketones and ethanol-like secondary alcohols.