AP United States History Unit 9: Period 9: 1980 - Present

How did the American feel towards political leaders during the late 1980s and why?

How did the American feel towards political leaders during the late 1980s and why?

they were uncomfortable due to the growing cynicism

What speech did President Jimmy Carter give in the late 1970s and how did it impact the American citizens?

He gave the “crise of confidence” speech and it disturbed many Americans

How did Ronald Ragan present himself in the 1980s campaign?

he presented himself as Washington’s outsider and the opposite of Carter

What year did Ronald Reagan run for president?

1980

What did Ronald Reagan emphasize during his political campaign?

he emphasized positive aspects of America vs. Carter blaming American self-indulgence and consumerism

Why did many people vote for Ronald Reagan?

because of his “can-do” attitude regardless of politics

Why did Carter lose potential votes during the 1980 election?

John Anderson's third-party candidacy attracted "protest vote" that might have gone to Carter

What economic policies did Ronald Reagan endorse during his presidency?

he believed reducing corporate taxes would lead to greater profits, job creation, and wealth trickle down, so he deregulated on a large scale in the banking, industry, and environment sectors. He also cut taxes across the board for all Americans

What economy theory did Ronald Reagan apply during his presidency?

applied the theory of supply-side economics

What were the effects of Reagan’s economic policies?

though there was little effect initially as the country continued in recession, the results are mixed. The inflation subsided, but criticism was that the rich got richer and the poor got poorer due to the investment choices of the wealthy.

What was the goal of the New Federalism Plan during the Ronald Reagan’s administration?

Shift power from national government to states. while the states took complete responsibility for welfare, food stamps, and other social welfare programs, the National government would assume the entire cost of Medicaid

Why was the goal of the new federalism plan never accomplished?

The states feared in an increasing in costs for the state government

What effected did increasing military spending have during the Ronald Reagan’s administration?

Funded research into space-based missile shield system (Strategic Defense Initiative or SDI) and escalated the arms race with USSR

Why did the deficit increase during the Reagan administration?

a mixture of tax cuts, government spending and borrowing, and failure of the new federalism

How did foreign policy change under Reagan’s administration?

the ending of the cold war and eased tensions between the US and the Soviet Union

Who wins the election of 1988?

George W. Bush

What societal change gets destroyed during the 1980s?

progressive liberalism → liberalism and feminism become frowned-upon topics

What happens during the presidency of George W. Bush regarding to international affairs?

the Soviet Union is broken up and the Berlin Wall is dismantled, marking the end of the Cold War. The Persian Gulf War started.

Operation Desert Storm

during the Persian Gulf War, massive air strikes were conducted against Iraqi targets in response to Saddam Hussein invading Kuwait

What was a major reason for changing demographics in the 1900s?

immigrants, especially Asians and Hispanics, were rapidly increasing

What were the reasons of immigration to the US?

Employment of skilled workers (scientists) and political refugees

Simpson-Mazzoli Act in 1986

outlawed the employment of illegal immigrants and granted legal status to some illegal aliens

Bracero Program (1942-1964)

guest worker program that aimed to curb illegal immigration by offering temporary employment to migrant farm workers

William Jefferson Clinton

the 42nd President of the United States and the first Democrat to be elected after Jimmy Carter.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

signed into law by Clinton and aimed to eliminate trade barriers among the United States, Mexico, and Canada

1994 Congressional Election

the Republicans took back control of Congress, but their power was limited by Clinton's executive power

the Clinton-Lewinsky Scandal

a scandal between President Clinton and Monica Lewinsky, a White House intern, which resulted in Clinton's impeachment, but he was acquitted by the Senate and remained in office to finish his second term.

Telecommunications Act of 1996

significantly reduced regulations on media concentration and cross-ownership of media outlets, which led to less competition

George W. Bush Administration

saw a rise in neoconservatism and an opposition to paleo conservatism. focused on spreading democracy and putting American corporate interests first through military abroad. Many people loss faith in the ability of the federal government to solve social and economic problems

Shirley Chisholm

first African American woman elected to Congress in 1968

Colin Powell

the other African American Secretary of State under George W. Bush

Condoleezza Rice

one of the African American Secretary of State under George W. Bush

Thurgood Marshall

appointed to Supreme Court by Lyndon Johnson in 1960s

Jesse Jackson

African American who ran for Democratic nomination in 1984 and 1988

Barack Obama

Elected in 2008 as first African American president of the United States

9/11 Attacks

Al Qaeda (Osama bin Laden) attacks World Trade Center and Pentagon. US received Support from NATO allies for attack on Taliban government in Afghanistan

Evangelicalism

emphasized a “born-again” religious experience and strict standards of moral behavior from the Bible

Billy Graham, Jerry Falwell, and Pat Robertson

Conservative Evangelicals and fundamentalists who helped to mobilize like-minded citizens to support the Republican Party during the New Right

Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

restricted the ability to strike and preferential hiring of union members

Repeal of Glass-Steagall

signed by President Roosevelt in 1933, response to bank instability leading up to Great Depression ( Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999)

Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)

aimed to regulate the medical industry and provide subsidies to uninsured Americans

Presidential Election of 2016

Marked by ideological divisions within the Republican Party and a rivalry between Trump and Clinton. Started emergence of a new populism of skepticism for established institutions and optimism for political outsiders