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Otitis Media
infection of the middle ear due to viruses or bacteria
can be acute or chronic; damaging the tympanic membrane which could lead to permanent hearing loss
tinnitus
ringing or buzzing in the ears
vertigo
dizziness
Meniere's Disease
disorder of inner ear causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss
hearing loss
not being able to hear the normal range of sounds associated with normal hearing
deafness
the most sever form of hearing loss in which it is impossible for the person to understand speech through hearing alone
cerumen
ear wax
aphasia
the total or partial loss of the ability to use or understand language due to damage to parts of the brain responsible for language
apraxia of speech
the brain cannot coordinate the speech muscles therefore, cannot use the speech muscles to produce understandable speech
dysarthria
damage done to the nervous system affecting the mouth and face muscles resulting in difficult or poor speech
expressive aphasia (motor aphasia, Broca's aphasia)
the difficulty expressing or sending out thoughts due to the inability of speaking words. results in difficult speaking, spelling, counting, gesturing, or writing
receptive aphasia (Wernicke's aphasia)
the difficultly understanding language orally or literally. results in speaking with no meaning, or not being able to identify what's been said
expressive-receptive aphasia (global aphasia, mixed aphasia)
the difficulty speaking and understanding language
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
a condition in which the macula degenerates, gradually causing central vision loss; a blind spot in the center of the eye
Wet AMD
abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and can leak blood and fluid, raising the macula and impairing central vision. As the macula is displaced, straight lines may look wavy
Dry AMD
most common type of AMD; causes deposits of yellow-colored extracellular material within the macula of the eye, causing possible atrophy of the retina and a gradual loss of central vision
diabetic retinopathy
occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment of the eyeball
low vision
eyesight that cannot be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, drugs, or surgery
braille
a system of writing that uses raised dots which are read by the fingertips of a blind person
cancer
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
tumor
a mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.
malignant tumors (cancer)
invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other body parts; they can grow back after removal (life threatening)
benign tumors
rather large tumors that do not spread to other body parts; do not grow back after removal (rarely life threatening)
metastasis
the spread of cancer to other body parts; occurs when cancer is not treated and controlled
radiation therapy
treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation
chemotherapy
the use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer
hormone therapy
treatment of cancer with natural hormones or with chemicals that produce hormone-like effects
biological therapy
use of the body's own defenses to destroy tumor cells
immune system
a complex response system that protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances
immune system disorders
autoimmune responses, as well as progressive weakening of immune response
autoimmune disorders
cause the body's immune system to assault its own cells, tissues, or organs as if it were a foreign invader
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
the most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection. it attacks the immune system, therefore destroying the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
the virus that causes AIDS by spreading through body fluids- blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. although, it is very fragile and canot live outside the body
shingles
viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves
stroke, brain attack (cerebrovascular accident CVA)
a disease that affects the arteries that supply blood to the brain
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
Parkinson's disease
a slow, progressive disorder with no cure due to the area of the brain that controls muscle movement is affected
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
Head Injury
trauma that leads to injury of scalp, skull, and/or brain
Spinal Cord Injury
trauma to the vertebral column
Autonomic Dysreflexia
patients with spinal cord injuries are at risk for developing autonomic dysreflexia (T-7 or above)
Arthritis
inflammation of a joint
osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)
form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane
Arthroplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a joint
osteoporosis
a condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.
fracture
broken bone
closed fracture (simple)
broken bone does not penetrate the skin
open fracture (compound)
broken bone penetrates through the skin
traction
a pull to the arm or leg muscles to bring a bone back into place when it is dislocated or fractured
amputation
a surgical removal of all or part of a limb
cardiovascular disease
a disease of the heart and blood vessels
hypertension
high blood pressure
congenital heart defect
a defect or malformation of the heart or its major blood vessels, present at birth
hypotension
low blood pressure
pre-hypertension
when the systolic pressure is between 120 and 139 mm Hg or the diastolic pressure is between 80 and 89 mm Hg
in hypertension, the diastolic pressure is...
is 90 mm Hg or higher
in hypertension, the systolic pressure is...
is 140 mm Hg or higher
coronary artery disease (CAD)
a treatable disease in which the coronary arteries surrounding the heart become hardened and narrow, resulting in the loss of blood and oxygen to the heart muscles
cardiac rehabilitation
a medically supervised program to help heart patients recover quickly and improve their overall physical and mental functioning with exercise training and education, counseling training
angina
a chest pain due to the reduced blood flow and oxygen to the part of the heart muscle
myocardial infarction (MI)
sudden death of the heart muscles due to the sudden blockage of blood flow resulting in damage to that specific area
heart failure
congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart is weakened and cannot pump normally resulting in tissue congestion and blood backing up
pulmonary edema
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
respiratory disorders
conditions interfering with oxygen being inhaled into the lungs and carbon dioxide being exhaled from the body
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a disease that results in a gradual loss of lung function, obstructing airflow
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
asthma
the inflammation and narrowing of the airways, resulting in extra mucus being produced and dyspnea; could be mild to sever
influenza
respiratory infection caused by viruses
pneumonia
sudden inflammation and infection of lung tissues
tuberculosis (TB)
a bacterial infection of the lungs that is the most significant opportunistic infection associated with HIV
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
a disease in which stomach's acid contents flow back from the stomach into the esophagus
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
vomiting
expelling stomach contents through the mouth ; signaling illness or injury
vomitus (emesis)
food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth
diverticular disease
condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract push the mucosal lining through the surrounding muscle; cause abdominal pain and tenderness in the lower left abdomen
gallstones
form when the bile in the gallbladder hardens into stone-like pieces which results in a blockage of the flow of bile
hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function; mild or can cause death
hepatitis A
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
hepatitis B
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
hepatitis C
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually
hepatitis D
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV)
hepatitis E
spread through food or water contaminated by feces from an infected person; spread through a fecal-oral route
endocrine system
glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
diabetes
a disorder in which the body cannot produce or use insulin properly resulting in high blood glucose
type 1 diabetes
diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.
type 2 diabetes
diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production.
gestational diabetes
a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies
hyopglycemia
low blood sugar
urinary tract infection (UTIs)
common bacterial infections in one area can involve the entire system
cystitis
inflammation of bladder due to infection
oliguria
scanty urination
dysuria
painful urination (follows oliguria)
hematuria
blood in the urine
pyuria
pus in the urine
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