The French Revolution

These flashcards cover key events, figures, and concepts of the French Revolution, highlighting its significance and impact on France and Europe.

What were the two main social groups in France before 1789?

The privileged (nobility and clergy) and the non-privileged (bourgeoisie, peasants, urban workers, and lower clergy).

What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789?

The Third Estate proclaimed itself as the National Assembly and took an oath to not separate until a constitution was created.

What document proclaimed the rights of citizens during the French Revolution?

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

What action did the French populace take in response to their discontent in Paris?

They stormed the Bastille.

What was the outcome of the constitutional monarchy established by the National Assembly?

It limited the king's power and promoted civil equality, political freedom, and popular sovereignty.

What was Louis XVI's fate after he attempted to flee France?

He was captured and brought back to Paris, where he was forced to accept the Constitution.

Which political faction emerged as radical during the French Revolution?

The Jacobins.

What major military victory did the French achieve in 1792?

The victory at the Battle of Valmy.

What did the Constitution of the Year I, established by the Convention, introduce?

Universal male suffrage and new rights for citizens.

What were the characteristics of the Directory regime established in 1795?

A five-member executive and a bicameral legislature, with a censitary voting system.

What actions did Napoleon Bonaparte take following the coup of 18 Brumaire?

He established a Consulate and later became the First Consul.

What reforms did Napoleon implement during his rule?

He created a merit-based aristocracy, reformed administration, education, and established the Napoleonic Code.

What led to Napoleon's downfall in 1812?

His disastrous invasion of Russia due to harsh winter and scorched earth tactics.

What was the final fate of Napoleon after his defeat at Waterloo?

He was exiled, marking the end of the First French Empire.