SNC2D6 - Biology Unit

Cytoplasm

Liquid surrounding organelles with dissolved nutrients, salts, proteins

Golgi bodies/apparatus

Sorts and transports proteins/lipids around the cell or to the lysosome for destruction

Mitochondria

Site of cellular respiration where glucose and oxygen combine to make energy source ATP, creates waste products water and CO2

Vacuole

Storage vessel for dissolved salts, minerals, and proteins and waste products before they’re removed

Nucleus

Site of your genetic info and protein synthesis, your chromosomes are stored and the code is used to create cell structures

Nuclear membrane

Semi-porous structure regulating flow of materials in/out of nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum

Transports newly formed proteins in the nucleus and moves these proteins around the cell

Ribosomes

RNA transcription (making DNA copies)

Interphase

Chromosomes decondense and nuclear enevlope reforms

Stages of mitosis

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Stages of interphase

Gap 1, synthesis, gap 2

Mitosis

Cell divides copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two new cells

Prophase

Chromosomes condense and become visible.

Metaphase

Chromosomes align in the center of the cell

Anaphase

Chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles

Telophase

Nuclear envelope reforms

Cytokinesis

Physical process of cell division which divides the cytoplasm of a parent cell into 2 cells

Parts of a microscope

Eyepiece, objective lens, stage, illuminator, diaphragm, arm, coarse focus knob, fine focus knob, base, condenser

Eyepiece

Allows for the viewer to observe the specimen

Ocular lens

Magnifies the image produced by the objective lens

Stage

Holds the slide in place for viewing

Illuminator

Provides light to illuminate the specimen

Diaphragm

Regulates the amount of light passing through the specimen

Arm

Supports the microscope and provides stability

Coarse focus knob

Adjusts the focus roughly for initial viewing

Fine focus knob

Fine tunes focus for clear visualization

Base

Provides a stable platform for the microscope

Condenser

Focuses light on the specimen

Which of the following systems is responsible for the exchange of gasses between the body and environment

Respiratory system

What is the term for uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the body

Cancer

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align in the middle of the cell

Metaphase

Which organ in the frog is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood

Kidney

Which of the following is not a component of the human skeletal system

Pancreas

Why is cytokinesis tougher for plants

Because of their rigid cell wall, they cannot divide in the same pinching fashion that animal cells do

Benign vs malignant tumours

A benign tumor has distinct, regular borders but a malignant tumor has irregular borders, grows faster, and can spread to other parts of your body but a benign tumor can become large but not invade other body parts.

How do cancer cells behave different than normal cells

They are often immature because they duplicate so fast that they don’t have time to properly mature