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venation
vein pattern of a leaf
margin
edge of a leaf
sessile
refers to a leaf that has no petioles but instead attaches directly to the stem by a sheath
petiole
stalk that attaches a leaf blade to a node
bulb
underground food-storage structure made of layers of thick fleshy leaves surrounding a very short stem
photosynthesis
process whereby a plant uses sunlight carbon dioxide and water to manufacture glucose and give off oxygen
chlorophyll
green pigment found in chloroplasts that plant need for photosynthesis
stoma
airpore on the underside of a leaf
glucose
simple sugar that provides the energy for the cells of living things
rhizome
underground stem that grows horizontally
corm
thick underground stem that grows vertically
node
place where a leaf attaches to the stem
sheath
part of a grass leaf that attaches the culm to the blade
blade
broad flat portion of a leaf
stolon
creeping stem that grows along the ground
raceme
flower structure that is similar ti a spike except that the flowers grow on small stems that branch off the main stem
vine
any plant with a long thin stem that grows along the ground or has tendrils that twine around a wall or other support
herbaceous
nonwoody
cellulose
polysaccharide that forms the cell walls of plant cells
what does photosynthesis need that cellular grespiration does not need
light
what does a plant do with excess glucose
convert it to starch
2/3 of our diet comes directly from plants.The other 1/3 comes from what
Animals
what are the main kinds of root systems
tap root and fibrous root
Form of plant reproduction in which a new plant grows from a leaf,stem ,or root of an existing plant
vegetable reproduction
Inner portion of a root that consists of storage cells
cortex
plants that have vascular systems
tracheophytes
Reproduce by seed formed within cones or cone -like structures
gymnosperms
reproduce by seeds formed in flowers
angiosperms
Tiny one -celled reproductive structure that will eventually produce a new plant
spore
plant without a vascular system(moss-like plant)
broyophte
Hair-like threads that attach mosses to moist surfaces or soil and absorb water and nutrients
rhizoids
How do botanists classify angiosperms into families?
the structure of their flowers & fruits
Which family of angiosperms contains plants with ray & disk flowers?
composite flower
Which family of plants help return nitrogen to the soil?
The pea family
How do stems of the mint family differ from the stems of other plants?
They are square
What is the term for an arrangement of flowers that have stems of nearly equal length emerging from a common point on the main stem?
The umbel
Honeysuckle get their name from their what?
Their sweet nectar
What are ways that monocots and dicots differ from each other?
number of cotyledons, number of petals, type of root system and venation
Angiosperms are divided into two groups what are they?
monocot and dicot
What purpose does a lily’s bulb have?
allow a plant to live after its flowers have died, store food during growing season and allow a plant to live after its above-ground leaves stems have died
How would CORMS be best described?
thick, vertical underground stems
How would RHIZOMES be best described?
horizontal, stems that grow underground
Why is grass important?
humans and most animals depend on it directly or indirectly-for their food
The juice from the aloe vera plant is used to treat what?
burns and skin disorders
Broad and flat, long and narrow, and needle/scale-like are the basic types of?
leaves
Opposite, alternative and whorled are the most common leaf arrangements around a?
plant stem
There is bud at the end of a petiole, but no bud at the end of a?
leaflet
Location of plant leaves allows it to have maximum exposure to?
Parallel, pinnate and palmate venations are major patterns of leaf?
veins
The stalk that attaches leaf blades to the node?
The petiole
what are the most important provisions for life on Earth
green plants
what was Sprengle’s goal with studing botanical who was it to bring glory to?
God
Primary function for flowers
The reproduction of plants
which is not a main parts of a flower thorn,stamen,sepal,pistil,petal,or soil
thorn
which is not one of the 3 main part of a pistil. stigma,style, ovary,or petal.
style and petal
How is the stigma best described
sticky,
How is the ovary best described
large and round
How is the style best described
the stalk that attaches to the stigma to the ovary
what part of a flower produces pollen petal,anther, root,and thorn
anther
Their is an incredible variety of design in flowering plants.This shows the remarkable ingenuity of our what intelligence ,creator, planet,or soil
creator
processes that must occur before a seed can form
pollination and fertilization
Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
pollination
Uniting of a sperm cell from a pollen grain with an egg cell in the ovary
fertilization
what structure contains the embryo of a plant?
The seed
Embryo, endosperm or seed coat
parts of a typical seed
Term for root of an embryo
Radicle
Scientific definition of a fruit
ripened ovary of a flower
Term for the distributing of seeds after they are mature.
dispersal
Ripened fruit bursts open, scattering seeds.
Mechanical dispersal
Animals,humans,or physical processes like wind ocean currents scatter seeds
agent dispersal
when a what flower has been pollenated its blossoms quickly lose their scent
alfalfa
what is required for a seed to begin growing human touch, favorable temperature, bxygen, moisture, or distilled water
moisture
What major event occurs in the first stage of growth,(a).seed begins to swell by absorbing or socking up water(b) embryo grows a radicle that pushes its way through the softened seed coat and into the ground(c) plumule emerges above the surface of the ground and the radical grows into a root system
A
what major event occur in the second stage of growth
embryo grows a radical that pushes its way through the the softened seed coat and into the ground.
What major event occurs in the third stage of growth
plumule emerges above the surface of the ground and the radicle grows into a root system
plant that no longer depends on the cotyledons for nourishment
seedling
an annual produces seeds in one growing season true or false
true
biennials plants live how long
2 years
perennials plants live how long
year to year
would a coconut be likely to grow on the shores of alaska
no