The Appendicular Skeleton in Domestic Animals

Axial Skeleton

Central skeleton including skull and vertebrae.

Appendicular Skeleton

Limbs and girdles of the skeletal system.

Splanchnic Skeleton

Bones embedded in soft organs.

Thoracic Limb

Forelimb bones in domestic animals.

Pelvic Limb

Hindlimb bones in domestic animals.

Scapula

Shoulder blade connecting forelimb to trunk.

Humerus

Bone of the upper forelimb.

Radius

Bone in forelimb, lateral to ulna.

Ulna

Bone in forelimb, medial to radius.

Carpus

Wrist bones in the forelimb.

Metacarpus

Bones of the hand between carpus and digits.

Phalanges

Bones of the digits, including proximal, middle, distal.

Olecranon

Elbow projection of the ulna.

Patella

Kneecap bone in the pelvic limb.

Tibia

Main bone of the lower hindlimb.

Fibula

Thin bone parallel to the tibia.

Tarsus

Ankle bones in the hindlimb.

Calcaneus

Heel bone, part of the tarsus.

Splint Bone

Reduced metacarpal/metatarsal bones in some species.

Sesamoid Bone

Bone embedded within a tendon.

Shoulder Joint

Joint connecting scapula and humerus.

Elbow Joint

Joint between humerus and forelimb bones.

Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Joint between metacarpals and phalanges.

Scapula

Triangular bone forming the shoulder joint.

Scapular cartilage

Cartilage covering the scapula for flexibility.

Scapular spine

Prominent ridge on the scapula's dorsal side.

Acromion

Process on scapula, articulates with clavicle.

Trapezius tubercle

Bump on scapula for muscle attachment.

Supraspinous fossa

Dorsal depression above the scapular spine.

Infraspinous fossa

Dorsal depression below the scapular spine.

Supraglenoid tubercle

Bump above the glenoid cavity for muscle attachment.

Glenoid cavity

Socket for the humerus in the scapula.

Humerus

Long bone of the upper forelimb.

Greater tubercle

Large prominence for muscle attachment on humerus.

Lesser tubercle

Smaller prominence for muscle attachment on humerus.

Deltoid tuberosity

Rough area on humerus for deltoid muscle attachment.

Humeral condyle

Articulating surface at the distal end of humerus.

Radial fossa

Depression on humerus for radius articulation.

Musculospiral groove

Groove for radial nerve on the humerus.

Supracondylar foramen

Foramen above the condyle in some species.

Olecranon fossa

Depression for the olecranon of the ulna.

Neck of humerus

Narrow region below the head of humerus.

Bicipital groove

Groove for biceps tendon on humerus.

Elbow joint

Joint connecting humerus, radius, and ulna.

Shoulder joint

Joint formed by humerus and scapula.

Coracoid

Bone structure aiding in pectoral girdle stability.

Swine

Refers to domesticated pigs and their anatomy.

Cranial part of greater tubercle

Proximal humeral structure for muscle attachment.

Caudal part of greater tubercle

Distal humeral structure for muscle attachment.

Facies of insertion for infraspinatus muscle

Surface area where infraspinatus muscle attaches.

Head of humerus

Proximal end of the humerus, articulates with scapula.

Neck of humerus

Narrow region below the head of the humerus.

Deltoid tuberosity

Roughened area for deltoid muscle attachment.

Humeral crest

Prominent ridge on the humerus for muscle attachment.

Shaft of humerus

Long central portion of the humerus bone.

Musculospiral groove

Groove for radial nerve along the humerus.

Radial fossa

Depression on the humerus for radial head.

Humeral condyle

Distal end of the humerus, articulates with forearm.

Lateral epicondyle

Bony prominence on the outer side of the humerus.

Lesser tubercle

Smaller projection on the humerus for muscle attachment.

Intermediate tubercle

Projection between greater and lesser tubercles.

Medial epicondyle

Bony prominence on the inner side of the humerus.

Intertubercular groove

Groove between greater and lesser tubercles.

Lateral supracondylar crest

Ridge above the lateral condyle of the humerus.

Schematic of left humerus

Diagram showing anatomical features of the left humerus.

Pneumatic foramen

Opening in bones for air sacs in some species.

Medullary cavity

Hollow space within the bone containing marrow.

Carpal bones

Eight bones forming the wrist joint.

Metacarpal bones

Five long bones in the hand.

Appendicular Skeleton

Bones of limbs and their girdles.

Thoracic Limb

Forelimb structure in vertebrates.

Radius

Bone in forearm, lateral to ulna.

Ulna

Bone in forearm, medial to radius.

Interosseous Space

Gap between radius and ulna.

Anconeal Process

Projection on ulna near elbow joint.

Trochlear Notch

Articular surface for humerus on ulna.

Radial Tuberosity

Bump on radius for muscle attachment.

Radial Articular Facet

Surface where radius articulates with carpal bones.

Clecranal Tuber

Bony prominence on ulna.

Head of Radius

Proximal end of radius, articulates with humerus.

Neck of Radius

Narrow region below the head of radius.

Shaft of Ulna

Long central part of ulna.

Shaft of Radius

Long central part of radius.

Styloid Process of Ulna

Pointed projection at distal ulna.

Radial Trochlea

Articular surface on radius for carpal bones.

Tendon Grooves

Depressions for tendon passage on bones.

Carpal Bones

Wrist bones, arranged in two rows.

Proximal Carpal Row

First row of carpal bones.

Distal Carpal Row

Second row of carpal bones.

Metacarpal Bones

Long bones in the hand.

Phalanges

Bones of the fingers or toes.

Plantigrade Posture

Walking on the soles of feet.

Digitigrade Posture

Walking on toes, elevating heels.

Unguligrade Posture

Walking on hooves.

Appendicular Skeleton

Includes limbs and their attachments to the body.

Thoracic Limb

Front limb structure in quadrupeds.

Radius

Bone in forelimb, parallel to ulna.

Ulna

Bone in forelimb, opposite to radius.

Metacarpal Bones

Bones between carpus and phalanges.

Phalanges

Bones of the digits in limbs.