AP human geography unit 2

Four physical factors of why people choose to live in certain places and not others

1. Climate

2. Landforms

3. Bodies of water

4. Natural resource

Four human factors of why people choose to live in certain places and not others

1. Economic factors

2. Political factors

3. Cultural factors

4. Historical factors

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

What are the two most populated countries?

China and India

Agriculture destiny

The number of farmers per arable land.

What are the four most populated regions in the world?

1. Asia

2. Africa

3. Europe

4. Latin America

population density

Number of individuals per unit area

population distribution

Description of locations on Earth's surface where populations live

Which has a higher Arithmetic density? United States or Singapore?

Singapore

Which has a higher Agricultural density? United States or Singapore?

United States, for there is more arable land.

Which has a higher Physiologic density? United States or Singapore?

United States

carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support.

When a population spreads out what concerns does it create left heavily populated prime city

lack of service and good for people, less schools and healthcare. Pollution, overpopulation, lack of jobs

examples of exceeding carrying capacity

arable land is damaged, people start dying, and the environment will get destroyed.

Population Pyramid

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage by which a population grows in a year

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

infant mortality rate

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.

doubling time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Interregional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Intraregional Migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

Demographic Transition Model

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.

stage 1 of demographic transition

Low growth; Very high birth and death rates = 0 NIR; Hunting & gathering, agricultural societies.

stage 2 of demographic transition

High growth; Rapidly declining death rates and very high birth rates = very high NIR; Industrial societies or societies that benefit from the medical revolution.

stage 3 of demographic transition

Decreasing growth; Birth rates rapidly decline; death rates continue to decline; NIR moderates; Highly urban societies.

stage 4 of demographic transition

Low Growth: A Modern Industrialized Country with a low CBR, low CDR, and virtually no NIR

stage 5 demographic transition

population decline, very low CBR, increasing CDR, negative NIR...Japan is one of the first places to reach stage 5, its population is getting smaller, the poulation is getting older so that is why CDRs are going up, this means a shortage of workers to support the aging population

Sustainability

The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained

pronatalist policies

government policies that encourage child birth such as tax breaks and flexible work hours

antinatalist policies

seek to reduce birth rates and strongly encourage or require that women limit their fertility. Ex. China only allows 1 child to be birthed.

cultural shift

change in society's dominant views, morals, and behaviors

GDP per capita

a measure of a country's economic output that accounts for its number of people

Dependancy Ratio

The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compares to the number of people active in the labor force.