Chem Ch 14

molarity

number of moles of solute/liter of solution (M)

concentrated

contains a high concentration of solute

dilute

contains a low concentration of solute

saturated

containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms

colloid

a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. 

supersaturated

increased concentration of (a solution) beyond saturation point.

desiccant

drying agent

dilution

the act of making a liquid more dilute

solute

substance being dissolved

solvent

dissolves other substances

Tyndall effect

light scattering by particles in a colloid or in a very fine suspension

electrolyte

A substance that breaks up into ions (particles with electrical charges) when it is dissolved in water or body fluids.

hydrate

cause to absorb water

factors that affect the rate of dissolving

temp, agitation (stirring), surface area

factors that affect the solubility of a substance

temp, pressure, nature/polarity

Arrhenius acid

a substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ions

Arrhenius base

a substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydroxide ions

Bronsted Lowry acid

proton donor

Bronsted Lowry base

proton acceptor

3 properties of an acid

sour taste, conduct electricity in a solution, corrosive

3 properties of a base

bitter taste, slippery, turn litmus paper blue

pH for H3O+

If less than -7 = base

If greater than -7= acid

pH for OH-

If less than -7= acid

If greater than -7 = base