Chemistry Tests and Results

What flame colour is seen for lithium (Li⁺) in a flame test?

Red

What flame colour is seen for sodium (Na⁺) in a flame test?

Yellow

What flame colour is seen for potassium (K⁺) in a flame test?

Lilac

What flame colour is seen for calcium (Ca²⁺) in a flame test?

Orange-red

What flame colour is seen for barium (Ba²⁺) in a flame test?

Light green

What flame colour is seen for copper(II) (Cu²⁺) in a flame test?

Blue-green

What gas turns damp red litmus paper blue?

Ammonia (NH₃)

What gas turns limewater milky?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

What gas bleaches damp litmus paper?

Chlorine (Cl₂)

What gas makes a ‘pop’ sound with a lighted splint?

Hydrogen (H₂)

What gas relights a glowing splint?

Oxygen (O₂)

What is the test for carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻)?

Add dilute acid → effervescence (carbon dioxide produced)

What is the test for chloride ions (Cl⁻)?

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add silver nitrate → white precipitate

What is the test for bromide ions (Br⁻)?

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add silver nitrate → cream precipitate

What is the test for iodide ions (I⁻)?

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add silver nitrate → yellow precipitate

What is the test for sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻)?

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add barium nitrate → white precipitate

What is the test for ammonium ions (NH₄⁺)?

Add aqueous sodium hydroxide, warm → ammonia gas produced