non fatals - battery

explain b battery

the application of unlawful force intended or reckless to cause the result- meaning unwanted contact with no injury

explain paragraph one and cases

any touching or contact of another person0 it does not need to be forceful or violent- the slightest touch can be enough under the law r v Thomas - con said there is no dispute that if you touch a persons clothes while he is wearing them that is the equivalent to touching them

explain paragraph 2

the force can be implied ti the victim in many ways, directly or indirectly dpp v k held application of force does not need to be directly applied

explain an extra point

battery can be through omission -dpp v Santana- Bermudez held the risk of injury was foreseeable

explain paragraph 3

battery requires an unlawful fore but it may be lawful in some circumstances for example consent or self defence

explain last paragraph

intended -aim purpose decision r v mohan

recklessness -d took unreasonable risk - r v g