Carbonyl and Polar Functional Groups

Flashcards covering key terminology related to carbonyl and polar functional groups in organic chemistry.

Ester

formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, characterized by the functional group -COO-.

Acid Chloride

A reactive functional group containing a carbonyl and a chlorine.

Aldehyde

A carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen.

Ketone

A carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms.

Carboxylic Acid

A functional group containing a carbonyl (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH) attached to the same carbon atom.

Imine

A functional group containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond, derived from a ketone or an aldehyde.

Anhydride

two carbonyl groups (C=O) bonded to the same oxygen atom.

Thioester

An ester with a sulfur atom in place of the oxygen.

1-Amide

a carbonyl group (C=O) directly attached to a nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms

Nitrile

A compound containing the cyanide group (-C≡N).

Alkyl Halide

A carbon atom bonded to a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).

Alcohol

A compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.

Ether

an oxygen atom connected to two R groups

Thiol

A compound with a sulfhydryl (-SH) group.

Thioether

An ether in which the oxygen is replaced by sulfur.

Nitro Group

A functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two oxygen atoms.

Arene

A hydrocarbon containing at least one aromatic ring.

Alkene

carbon-carbon double bond.

Alkyne

a carbon-carbon triple bond.

1º-Amine

the nitrogen atom is bonded to one R group and two hydrogen atoms.

2º-Amine

the nitrogen atom is bonded to two R groups and one hydrogen atom.

3º-Amine

the nitrogen atom is bonded to three R groups

2-amide

carbonyl attached to a nitrogen and 1 hydrogen

3-amide

carbonyl attached to a nitrogen and 2 R groups