Wars of the Roses set

when was Henry's son born

1453

how much did beaufort lend the Crown in 100 years war

200,000 pounds

When was Suffolk made Lord Chamberlain?

1447

When was treaty of tours

1444

what did suffolk do

favour his own men and waste king's money on gifts

why did people dislike suffolk's foreign policy

led to failure in france, upset nobles who wanted to give sons french property

when were the bishops of chichester and salisbury murdered

1450

when did the king build eton

1440

when was king's college cambridge built

1443

When was the Act of Resumption?

1450 - was to reclaim gifts given by Henry

what was income from customs revenue in 1421

40,677

what was income for customs rev in 1446-8

28,100

who decided the taxes of 1445-1449 should be spent on repaying crown expenses

Lumley

when did cardinal beaufort die

1447

when did the english attack fougeres

march 1449

when was parliament called to grant tax to renew war

february 1449

when did york receive his appointment to ireland

1447 - did not leave for another 2 years

when did they lose normandy

1449

how much money did the crown owe york

38,000

when did york return from france and when was he paid

1445

when was somerset waiting on payment from the crown

1444-1451

when did burgundy ally with france

1435

Cade's Rebellion

May/June 1450

what caused cade's rebellion

unfairly levied taxes, tax increase, justice not impartial, lords being favourited

When did York return from Ireland?

November 1450

When was Suffolk executed?

May 1450

how many men did york return with

3,000

when was somerset placed in the tower of london

december 1450

when was a man in ipswich hung for plotting to put york on throne

1450

when did york turn down offer to join council

september 1451

When was the Dartford Coup?

March 1452

Causes of Dartford Coup

- failures in france

- no more secure than 1450

- accused somerset of plotting against him

- removal of somerset from power

who were york's supporters at dartford

devon and cobham

Why did Dartford fail?

- letters warned the king

- london = loyal

- situ different - war going well, economy up

- looked like treason

- kent did not rise

- nobles unwilling to take up arms

- increased prosperity - no discontent - less appeal

how many were in dartford's amy

20,000

when did henry get ill

august1453

Causes of Henry's illness

pressure from 1st child, death of talbot is gascony, strain of travelling, hereditary - charles vi of france

when did the nevilles attack the percys with 700+ men and the king refused to step in, causing them to turn to york

24th of august 1453

when was york appointed protector and defender of the kingdom

27th march 1454

when did cardinal kemp die

March 1454

battle of st albans

22nd May 1455

When did York call a parliament that had little attendence?

February 1454

what were the constraints on york's rule

- not guaranteed length of power

- protectorate = rule ends when king recvers

- others rejected authority - Exeter had stronger claim, Percys doubted York's ability

what was household expenditure before york's protectorate (1450)

24,000

what was household expenditure during york's protectorate (1455)

5,193

how did york increase the income of the crown

persuaded wool merchants to make loans to gov, retaining possession of calais

When did York sign his last council papers?

30th December 1454

when was henry's recovery announced

january 1455

when was somerset reinstated

4th feb 1455

when did nevilles attack percys and no one stepped in

1453

when did henry call parliament in leicester

april 1455

When was battle of St Albans

22nd May 1455

Who died at St Albans?

Clifford, Somerset, Northumberland + 60 others

when did the second protectorate begin

19th november 1455

when did second protectorate end

February 1456

when did margaret move to the midlands

april 1455

reasons for second protectorate

no alternatives, st albans, urgency in s-w, promise to reform, henry's health + desire to secure power

how much did he limit the queen's expenditure to

10,000 marks

when was there no open fighting because sides were too even

1455-1459

when was loveday

24th March 1458

Why did peace break down in 1459?

lack of trust on both sides, Warwick's rebellion, St Albans revenge, Y+QM enemies, Margaret's gov, Y felt he could count on Nevilles, HVI too ill to govern in his own right

when was the great council called

june 1459

Battle of Blore Heath

23rd September 1459

who was killed at blore heath - Lancastrian victory

lord audley

Parliament of Devils

20th November 1459

how many yorkist were condemned at parliament of devil

27

warwick, salisbury and march welcomed to kent

june 1460

yorkists welcomed to london

2nd july

Battle of Ludford Bridge - Lancastrian victory

12th October 1459

Battle of Northampton - Yorkist victory

10th July 1460

When was York killed?

30th december 1460

battle of mortimer's cross

2nd feburary 1461

edward iv king

4 march 1461

city of london loans to yorkists 1460

£4500

city of london loans to eiv 1460

4000

pardon proclamation to hvi supporters by eiv (with exception of those making more than 100 marks pa)

6 march 1461

when did edward leave london with the duke of norfolk

13 march 1461

by the time eiv reached pontefract how many men had he gathered

200,000

how many nobles were in eiv's army versus marg of anj?

8/9 and 19/20 respectively, disgusing eiv and warwick's inheritances

Battle of Towton

29th March 1461

what were the sizes of the armies in battle of towton

50,000 each

when was the first battle in towton

28 March at Ferrybridge

who died in the first towton battle and who was injured

clifford dead warwick injured

reasons yorkists won towton

- weather (wind blew at lancs)

- sharp thinking on eivs part (ordered his archers to step back every shot, meaning the lancs shot blindly = arrows fell short)

- lancs failed to see arrival of duke of norfolk

- lancs had broken bridge = many drowned or were trapped and killed by ambushing yorkists

impacts of towton

28,000 dead

earl of northumberland dead (made eivs job easier)