States of matter syllabus questions

Properties of solid

Properties of solid

• fixed volume

• high Density

• has a definite shape

• does not flow

Properties of liquids

• fixed volume

• moderate to high density

• takes the shape of the container

• generally flows easily

Properties of gases

• no fixed volume

• low density

• expands to fill the container

• flows easily

Structure of solids

• packed close together in a regular arrangement or lattice.

• not able to move freely.

• will vibrate in place in their fixed position.

Structure of liquids

• closely packed together in an irregular arrangement.

• has the able to move past each other.

Structure of gas

• Arranged totally irregularly

• Can spread very far apart compered to solids and liquids

• Able to move randomly

Describe boiling

when liquid changes state to gas at the boiling point of a substance. Gas molecules will form within the body of the liquid and escape.

Describe evaporation

when a liquid changes state to a gas. Evaporation takes place below the boiling point and at the surface of a liquid. the top of the liquid gets hot and turns into gas.

Describe freezing

when a liquid changes state to a solid.

Describe condensing

the change of state of a gas or vapor to a liquid. this happens when the temperature or pressure changes.

Effects of temperature and pressure on gases

the volume of a gas will increase with higher temperature and decrease with a lower temperature. the volume of a gas at a fixed temperature can also decreased by an increase in pressure, and increased at a lower pressure.

What is the kinetic particle theory

it explains the behavior of matter in different states of matter- based on the energy and movement of particles.

melting in terms of kinetic particle theory

when a solid is heated the particles gain energy and vibrate more. At the melting point the particles have enough energy to break the forces holding them in their fixed positions. this allows them to move more freely and become a liquid.

Freezing in terms of kinetic particles theory.

When a liquid cools particles loose energy and move slower. At the freezing point, the particles no longer have the energy to move freely and start arranging themselves into a fixed structure, making it a solid.

boiling in terms of kinetic particles theory

when a liquid is heated particles gain energy and move faster. at the boiling point they have enough energy to break free from the liquid and become gas.

Condensation in terms of kinetic particles theory.

when a gas is cooled the particles loose energy and slow down. at the condensation point particles no longer have the energy to overcome the attraction forces between them, and they come together to form a liquid.

What are heating and cooling curves

a heating or cooling curve shows how the temperature of a substance changes as it is heated/cooled over time.

what are the flat sections of a heating/cooling curve

thy represent the changes of state. in this section the temperature remains constant until the substance has entirely changed state.

what are the sloped sections of a cooling /heating curves

they represent the substance when it is at a single state, as temperatures increase/decrease.