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Anatomy
Is the science that is concerned with body structures and the relationships among them
Physiology
Is the science that is concerned with the functions of the body parts
Chemical
All atoms and molecules in the body
Cellular
All of the cells in the body
Tissue
Groups of cells working together to perform a certain function
Organ
Groups of tissue working together to perform a specific function
System
Several related organs that have a common function
Organism
All body parts functioning together; a single individual
Anatomical Position
The erect position of the body facing forward, feet flat on the floor, arms at the sides, palms face and eyes facing forward
Superior
Toward the head or above other structures
Inferior
Away from the head or below other structures
Anterior
Toward the front or belly surface
Posterior
Toward the back of the body
Medial
Toward the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline
Intermediate
Between two structures
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body
Contralateral
On the opposite sides of the body
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment
Superficial (external)
Towards the body's surface
Deep (internal)
Away from the body's surface
Prone
Laying facedown
Supine
Laying faceup
Body Planes
Real or imaginary "slices" of the body used to divide the body for reference
Sagittal Plane
A vertical slice which divides the body into right and left halves
Midsagittal Plane
Passes through the midline, divides body into equal right and left halves
Parasagittal Plane
Doesn't pass through the midline, divides the body into unequal right or left halves
Frontal Plane
Verticle slice that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane
A horizontal slice that divides the body or organ into superior and anterior halves
Oblique Plane
A slice which passes through at an angle
Dorsal Body Cavity
Toward the back of the body. Subdivided into two cavities
Cranial Cavity
Formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain
Vertebral (Spinal) Canal
Formed by the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord
Meninges
Membranes of the dorsal cavity
Ventral Body Cavity
Toward the front of the body, subdivided into two cavities
Thoracic Cavity
The superior cavity that houses the heart and lungs
Pericardial Cavity
A fluid filled space that surrounds the heart
Pleural Cavities
Fluid filled spaces that surrounds each lung
Mediastinum
Central portion of the thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
The inferior portion of the ventral cavity, divided into two cavities
Abdominal Cavity
Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, and ureters, small intestine, and most of large intestine
Pelvic Cavity
Contains reproductive organs, part of large intestine, urinary bladder, urethra and rectum
Diaphragm
Separates the thoracic and adominopelvic cavities
Serous Membrane
A thin doubled membrane that lines the walls and outer surfaces of the organs of the cavities. Functions to reduce friction by secreting lubricating fluid and to prevent infection from spreading by compartmentalizing organs
Parietal Layer
Refers to part of the membrane that lines the cavity walls
Visceral Layer
Refers to the part of the membrane that lines outer surfaces of the organs within the cavity
Peritoneum
Lines the abdominopelvic cavity and it's organs
Pleura
Adheres to the surface of the lungs and lines the walls of the chest and diagram
Pericardium
Encloses the heart
Body Regions
Five regions with many smaller ones
Head
Skull, face
Neck
Supports head and attaches to trunk
Trunk
Chest, abdomen, pelvis
Upper Limbs
Attaches to trunk and consists of shoulders, armpits, arms, forearms, wrists and hands
Lower Limbs
Attaches to trunk and consists of buttock, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet
Cephalic
Pertaining to the head
Nasal
Pertaining to the nose
Facial
Pertaining to the face
Buccal
Pertaining to the cheek
Orbital
Pertaining to the eye
Oral
Pertaining to the mouth
Occipital
Pertaining to the base of the skull
Cervical
Pertaining to the neck
Thoracic
Pertaining to the chest
Sternal
Pertaining to the breastbone
Abdominal
Pertaining to the abdomen
Umbilical
Pertaining to the navel region
Coxal
Pertaining to the hip
Pubic
Pertaining to the genital region
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis
Inguinal
Pertaining to the groin
Deltiod
Pertaining to curve of shoulder formed by deltoid muscle
Acromial
Pertaining to the shoulder
Axillary
Pertaining to armpit
Brachial
Pertaining to the arm
Carpal
Pertaining to the wrist
Digital
Pertaining to the fingers
Antecubital
Pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow
Olecranal
Pertaining to the posterior surface of the elbow
Femoral
Pertaining to the thigh
Patellar
Pertaining to the anterior surface of knee
Fibular
Pertaining to the lateral side of leg
Crural
Pertaining to the leg
Vertebral
Pertaining to the spine
Scapular
Pertaining to the shoulder blade region
Lumbar
Pertaining to the lower back (loin)
Gluteal
Pertaining to the buttocks
Sacral
Pertaining to the area between the hips
Popliteal
Pertaining to the posterior knee area
Sural
Pertaining to the calf
Calcaneal
Pertaining to the heel of the foot
Plantar
Pertaining to the sole of the foot
Tarsal
Pertaining to the ankle
Otic
Pertaining to the ear
Temporal
Pertaining to the temple
Mental
Pertaining to the chin
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Divides the Abdominopelvic cavity by four quadrants, Right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant and left lower quadrant. (RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ)
Abdominopelvic Regions
Divides the abdomin with nine regions, 1 & 2 right and left hypochondriac regions, 3 & 4 right and left lumbar regions, 5 & 6 right and left inguinal regions, 7. epigastric region, 8. umilical region, 9. hypogastric region.
Organ Systems
11 organ systems of the body