Bio 201 LAB : Human Anatomy and Physiology.

Anatomy

Anatomy

Is the science that is concerned with body structures and the relationships among them

Physiology

Is the science that is concerned with the functions of the body parts

Chemical

All atoms and molecules in the body

Cellular

All of the cells in the body

Tissue

Groups of cells working together to perform a certain function

Organ

Groups of tissue working together to perform a specific function

System

Several related organs that have a common function

Organism

All body parts functioning together; a single individual

Anatomical Position

The erect position of the body facing forward, feet flat on the floor, arms at the sides, palms face and eyes facing forward

Superior

Toward the head or above other structures

Inferior

Away from the head or below other structures

Anterior

Toward the front or belly surface

Posterior

Toward the back of the body

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

Away from the midline

Intermediate

Between two structures

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body

Contralateral

On the opposite sides of the body

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment

Superficial (external)

Towards the body's surface

Deep (internal)

Away from the body's surface

Prone

Laying facedown

Supine

Laying faceup

Body Planes

Real or imaginary "slices" of the body used to divide the body for reference

Sagittal Plane

A vertical slice which divides the body into right and left halves

Midsagittal Plane

Passes through the midline, divides body into equal right and left halves

Parasagittal Plane

Doesn't pass through the midline, divides the body into unequal right or left halves

Frontal Plane

Verticle slice that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

A horizontal slice that divides the body or organ into superior and anterior halves

Oblique Plane

A slice which passes through at an angle

Dorsal Body Cavity

Toward the back of the body. Subdivided into two cavities

Cranial Cavity

Formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain

Vertebral (Spinal) Canal

Formed by the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord

Meninges

Membranes of the dorsal cavity

Ventral Body Cavity

Toward the front of the body, subdivided into two cavities

Thoracic Cavity

The superior cavity that houses the heart and lungs

Pericardial Cavity

A fluid filled space that surrounds the heart

Pleural Cavities

Fluid filled spaces that surrounds each lung

Mediastinum

Central portion of the thoracic cavity

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The inferior portion of the ventral cavity, divided into two cavities

Abdominal Cavity

Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, and ureters, small intestine, and most of large intestine

Pelvic Cavity

Contains reproductive organs, part of large intestine, urinary bladder, urethra and rectum

Diaphragm

Separates the thoracic and adominopelvic cavities

Serous Membrane

A thin doubled membrane that lines the walls and outer surfaces of the organs of the cavities. Functions to reduce friction by secreting lubricating fluid and to prevent infection from spreading by compartmentalizing organs

Parietal Layer

Refers to part of the membrane that lines the cavity walls

Visceral Layer

Refers to the part of the membrane that lines outer surfaces of the organs within the cavity

Peritoneum

Lines the abdominopelvic cavity and it's organs

Pleura

Adheres to the surface of the lungs and lines the walls of the chest and diagram

Pericardium

Encloses the heart

Body Regions

Five regions with many smaller ones

Head

Skull, face

Neck

Supports head and attaches to trunk

Trunk

Chest, abdomen, pelvis

Upper Limbs

Attaches to trunk and consists of shoulders, armpits, arms, forearms, wrists and hands

Lower Limbs

Attaches to trunk and consists of buttock, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet

Cephalic

Pertaining to the head

Nasal

Pertaining to the nose

Facial

Pertaining to the face

Buccal

Pertaining to the cheek

Orbital

Pertaining to the eye

Oral

Pertaining to the mouth

Occipital

Pertaining to the base of the skull

Cervical

Pertaining to the neck

Thoracic

Pertaining to the chest

Sternal

Pertaining to the breastbone

Abdominal

Pertaining to the abdomen

Umbilical

Pertaining to the navel region

Coxal

Pertaining to the hip

Pubic

Pertaining to the genital region

Pelvic

Pertaining to the pelvis

Inguinal

Pertaining to the groin

Deltiod

Pertaining to curve of shoulder formed by deltoid muscle

Acromial

Pertaining to the shoulder

Axillary

Pertaining to armpit

Brachial

Pertaining to the arm

Carpal

Pertaining to the wrist

Digital

Pertaining to the fingers

Antecubital

Pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow

Olecranal

Pertaining to the posterior surface of the elbow

Femoral

Pertaining to the thigh

Patellar

Pertaining to the anterior surface of knee

Fibular

Pertaining to the lateral side of leg

Crural

Pertaining to the leg

Vertebral

Pertaining to the spine

Scapular

Pertaining to the shoulder blade region

Lumbar

Pertaining to the lower back (loin)

Gluteal

Pertaining to the buttocks

Sacral

Pertaining to the area between the hips

Popliteal

Pertaining to the posterior knee area

Sural

Pertaining to the calf

Calcaneal

Pertaining to the heel of the foot

Plantar

Pertaining to the sole of the foot

Tarsal

Pertaining to the ankle

Otic

Pertaining to the ear

Temporal

Pertaining to the temple

Mental

Pertaining to the chin

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Divides the Abdominopelvic cavity by four quadrants, Right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant and left lower quadrant. (RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ)

Abdominopelvic Regions

Divides the abdomin with nine regions, 1 & 2 right and left hypochondriac regions, 3 & 4 right and left lumbar regions, 5 & 6 right and left inguinal regions, 7. epigastric region, 8. umilical region, 9. hypogastric region.

Organ Systems

11 organ systems of the body