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Balkanization
Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
Binational or Multinational State
State that contains more than one nation (usually no one single dominant ethnic group)
Boundary
Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory
Centripetal Force
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
Centrifugal Force
A force that divides people and countries
Cold War
A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.
Colonies
Place directly controlled by a mother country.
Compact States
A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly
Confederation System
A system consisting of a league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign powers. The central government created by such a league has only limited powers over the states.
Core Area
The portion of a country, like a capital city, that contains its economic, political, intellectual, and cultural focus.
Cultural Boundary
An invisible boundary made by the certain cultural beliefs and traits that make the culture
Territorial Disputes
A disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession or control of land
Electoral Geography
The study of the geographical elements of the organization and results of elections.
Elongated States
A state with a long narrow shape
Enclave
A distinct region or community enclosed within a larger territory
Exclave
A part of a country that is separated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory.
European Union
An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members
Federal System
Government systems that divide the powers between the national government and state or provincial governments
Fragmented States
A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory
Frontier
A zone far from the core of a territory that is difficult to control, and/or claimed by another state.
Geometric Boundary
Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines, sometimes along lines of latitude or longitude
Note
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