nervous system test

functions of the nervous system

allows communication between brain and body, stores information, coordinates all activities

central nervous system

brain and spinal cord; receives and interprets info from PNS and send out a response

peripheral nervous system

gathers info from inside and outside body

function of a neuron

transmit messages to and from brain and spinal cord

3 main parts of a neuron

cell body; dendrites; axon

cell body

contain nucleus which regulates protein production (DNA)

dendrites

branched structures; extend from cell body; receive info and transmit toward cell body

axon

transmit impulses away from cell body toward neuron, muscle cell, or gland

what is the function of the myelin sheath?

insulate the neuron so impulses can travel quickly

sensory neuron

gather info about internal and external environment through sense organs

motor neurons

send nerve impulses to muscles and glands

interneurons

only in brain and spinal cord; pass impulses between neurons

frontal lobe

decision-making; judgement; language; intellect; personality

parietal lobe

sensory info (temp, pain, touch, body position in space)

occipital lobe

sense of sight

temporal lobe

hearing, smell, and memory

cerebrum

thinking and movement

cerebellum

movement of the skeletal muscles; posture

brain stem

connect brain to spinal cord; responsible for involuntary actions

hypothalamus

regulates body temp, appetite, sleep and secretions for pituitary glands

pituitary gland

“master gland” controls all hormone production and secretion

corpus callosum

communication between left and right brain

3 ways to take care of nervous system

adequate sleep, stress reduction, regular physical activity

alzheimer’s

“turns off” neurons over time; causes trouble with remembering, thinking, and daily activities

parkinson’s

damages neurotransmitters producing dopamine which leads to trouble with movement

epilepsy

“seizure disorder”; clusters of neurons send wrong or abnormal signals causing seizures

stroke

blood flow to the brain stops and cells start to die

ischemic stroke

caused by blood clot obstructing a blood vessel in the brain

hemorrhage

broken blood vessel that bleeds into the brain

what is stress

the reaction of the body and the mind to every day challenges and demands

what is a stressor

anything that causes stress

explain 3 differences between the teen and adult brain

teens: respond emotionally first with amygdala, great fluctuation in neurotransmitters, immature prefrontal cortex

what are the 3 stages of the stress response?

alarm, resistance, and fatigue

alarm

“fight or flight” mind and body on high alert; body prepares to defend itself or flee

resistance

adapting and reacting stage; body goes on over drive and performance and endurance increase

fatigue

if stressor remains too long, the body tires and can’t manage other stressors

how do body systems respond to stress?

heart rate and breathing rate increase; metabolism speeds up; pupils dilate

describe 3 stress management techniques

relaxation: breathing, stretching, etc.

redirect energy: exercise or work on a creative activity

seek support: talk it out

ways to prevent stress from occurring?

get sleep, regular physical activity, eat a nutritious diet

how much sleep is a teen supposed to get each night?

9.25 hours

what occurs during REM?

muscles relax, heart and breathing rate increase, better concentration and mood regulation, neurons repaired, cells/tissues/organs restored, proteins made, growth hormone released

negative consequences of not getting enough sleep?

memory lapses, mood problems, time needed to process information