Facial Expression Muscles

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Reference: Snell, R.S. Clinical Anatomy by Regions. Lipponcott Williams and Wilkins. 351West St. Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.

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20 Terms

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Levator Palpebrae Superioris

O: Lesser wing of sphenoid bone (anterior surface)

I: Upper eyelid (fascia & skin)

N: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

A: Elevates upper eyelid

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Lesser wing of sphenoid bone (anterior surface)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Upper eyelid (fascia & skin)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Oculomotor nerve (CN III)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Elevates upper eyelid</p>

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Buccinator

O: Maxilla & mandible (posterior alveolar process of both bones; pterygomandibular raphe

I: Modiolus (just lateral to the angle of the mouth)

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Compresses cheek(s)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Maxilla & mandible (posterior alveolar process of both bones; pterygomandibular raphe</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Modiolus (just lateral to the angle of the mouth)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Compresses cheek(s)</p>

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Corrugator Supercilii

O: Frontal bone just above nose (lateral to glabella)

I: Skin of medial portion of eyebrows

N: Facial nerve (CN VII) (zygomatic branch)

A: Draws eyebrows downward & medially (“thinker’s brow”)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Frontal bone just above nose (lateral to glabella)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Skin of medial portion of eyebrows</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII) (zygomatic branch)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Draws eyebrows downward & medially (“thinker’s brow”)</p>

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Depressor Anguli Oris

O: Along oblique line of mandible; lateral aspect of mental tubercle of mandible

I: Modiolus (near angle of mouth)

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Depresses angle(s) of mouth (frown)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Along oblique line of mandible; lateral aspect of mental tubercle of mandible</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Modiolus (near angle of mouth)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Depresses angle(s) of mouth (frown)</p>

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Depressor Labii Inferioris

O: Mandible (between symphysis & mental foramen)

I: Skin & fascia of lower lip

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Draws lower lip downward & laterally; everts lower lip

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Mandible (between symphysis & mental foramen)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Skin & fascia of lower lip</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Draws lower lip downward & laterally; everts lower lip</p>

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Depressor Septi Nasi

O: Incisive fossa of maxilla

I: Septum & alar cartilage of nose

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Constricts nostrils

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Incisive fossa of maxilla</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Septum & alar cartilage of nose</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Constricts nostrils</p>

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Frontalis

O: Galea aponeurotica

I: Skin & fascia above nose & eyes

N: Facial nerve (CN VII), Temporal branch of (facial nerve)

A: Draws scalp posteriorly to raise eyebrows & wrinkle brow (surprise)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Galea aponeurotica</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Skin & fascia above nose & eyes</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII), Temporal branch of (<em>facial nerve</em>)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Draws scalp posteriorly to raise eyebrows & wrinkle brow (surprise)</p>

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Levator Anguli Oris

O: Below infraorbital foramen of maxilla

I: Modiolus (near angle of mouth)

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Elevates angle(s) of mouth (smiling)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Below infraorbital foramen of maxilla</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Modiolus (near angle of mouth)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Elevates angle(s) of mouth (smiling)</p>

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Levator Labii Superioris

O: Medial inferior orbital margin of maxilla

I: Upper lip muscles

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Elevates upper lip; everts upper lip

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Medial inferior orbital margin of maxilla</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Upper lip muscles</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Elevates upper lip; everts upper lip</p>

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Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi

O: Frontal process of maxilla

I: Lateral slip: upper lip muscles; Medial slip: alar cartilage of nose

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Elevates upper lip; flares nostrils; everts upper lip

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Frontal process of maxilla</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span><strong><u>Lateral slip</u></strong>: upper lip muscles; <strong><u>Medial slip</u></strong>: alar cartilage of nose</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Elevates upper lip; flares nostrils; everts upper lip</p>

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Mentalis

O: Incisive fossa of mandible

I: Skin & fascia of chin

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Elevation of lower lip; everts lower lip; wrinkles skin of chin

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Incisive fossa of mandible</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Skin & fascia of chin</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Elevation of lower lip; everts lower lip; wrinkles skin of chin</p>

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Nasalis

O: Transverse part: maxilla (lateral to nose); Alar part: maxilla, superior to canine alveolar process

I: Transverse part: opposite side nasalis over upper cartilage of nose; Alar part: alar cartilage of nose (nasal wing)

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Flares nostrils (particularly in forced respiration)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span><strong><u>Transverse part</u></strong>: maxilla (lateral to nose); <strong><u>Alar part</u></strong>: maxilla, superior to canine alveolar process</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span><strong><u>Transverse part</u></strong>: opposite side nasalis over upper cartilage of nose; <strong><u>Alar part</u></strong>: alar cartilage of nose (nasal wing)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Flares nostrils (particularly in forced respiration)</p>

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Occipitalis

O: Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line & EOP

I: Galea aponeurotica

N: Facial nerve (CN VII), Posterior auricular branch

A: Draws back scalp to raise eyebrows & wrinkle brow (surprise)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line & EOP</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Galea aponeurotica</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII), Posterior auricular branch</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Draws back scalp to raise eyebrows & wrinkle brow (surprise)</p>

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Orbicularis Oculi

O: Orbital portion: nasal process of frontal bone; Palpebral portion: palpebral ligament; Lacrimal portion: lacrimal crest of lacrimal bone

I: Circumferentially around orbit meeting at the origin

N: Facial nerve (CN VII) (zygomatic branch)

A: Closes eye tightly, squinting of the eye; depresses upper eye lid, elevates lower eyelid (palpebral part)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span><strong><u>Orbital portion</u></strong>: nasal process of frontal bone; <strong><u>Palpebral portion</u></strong>: palpebral ligament; <strong><u>Lacrimal portion</u></strong>: lacrimal crest of lacrimal bone</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Circumferentially around orbit meeting at the origin</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII) (zygomatic branch)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Closes eye tightly, squinting of the eye; depresses upper eye lid, elevates lower eyelid (<strong><u>palpebral part</u></strong>)</p>

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Orbicularis Oris

O: Modiolus (just lateral to angle of mouth)

I: Circumferentially around mouth; blends with other muscles

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Closes mouth; protrudes lips (puckering of lips)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Modiolus (just lateral to angle of mouth)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Circumferentially around mouth; blends with other muscles</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Closes mouth; protrudes lips (puckering of lips)</p>

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Platysma

O: Subcutaneous fascia (over deltoid-pectoral region)

I: Mandible & subcutaneous fascia of lower face

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Tenses skin over lower neck (creates ridge in skin); depress mandible & lower lip

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Subcutaneous fascia (over deltoid-pectoral region)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Mandible & subcutaneous fascia of lower face</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Tenses skin over lower neck (creates ridge in skin); depress mandible & lower lip</p>

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Procerus

O: Nasal bone & cartilages

I: Skin & fascia between eyebrows

N: Facial nerve (CN VII) (superior buccal branches)

A: Draws medial eyebrow downward (menacing expression); wrinkles skin of superior nose

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Nasal bone & cartilages</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Skin & fascia between eyebrows</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Facial nerve (CN VII) (superior buccal branches)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Draws medial eyebrow downward (menacing expression); wrinkles skin of superior nose</p>

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Risorius

O: Parotid fascia (superficial to Masseter)

I: Modiolus (near angle of mouth)

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Draws angle of mouth laterally (false smile)

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Parotid fascia (superficial to Masseter)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I: </strong></span>Modiolus (near angle of mouth)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Draws angle of mouth laterally (false smile)</p>

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Zygomaticus Major

O: Zygomatic bone (anterior to zygomatic-temporal suture)

I: Modiolus (near angle of mouth)

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Elevates angle of mouth (smiling); pulls angle of mouth laterally

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O: </strong></span>Zygomatic bone (anterior to zygomatic-temporal suture)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Modiolus (near angle of mouth)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Elevates angle of mouth (smiling); pulls angle of mouth laterally</p>

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Zygomaticus Minor

O: Zygomatic bone (posterior to zygomaticmaxillary suture)

I: Skin, fascia & muscles of upper lip

N: Facial nerve (CN VII)

A: Elevates upper lip (smile); everts upper lip

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>O:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Zygomatic bone (posterior to zygomaticmaxillary suture)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>I:</strong></span><strong> </strong>Skin, fascia & muscles of upper lip</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>N: </strong></span>Facial nerve (CN VII)</p><p><span style="color: red"><strong>A: </strong></span>Elevates upper lip (smile); everts upper lip</p>