earth science

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10 Terms

1
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Original Remains

Original, unchanged remains of a plant or animal are preserved

2
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Replaced remains

Original hard parts are dissolved by chemical action and replaced by mineral material

3
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Molds

Fossil shell or bone will dissolve completely leaving a hollow depression in a rock

4
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Casts

New mineral material may fill mold, forming a cast — 3D copy of original fossil

5
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Trace fossils

Evidence of life OTHER than remains of a plant or animal

Ex. Trails, footprints, tracks, burrows, borings

6
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Unconformities

Gap in time

7
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Law of Original Horizontality

Sediments that form sedimentary rocks are deposited in horizontal layers

If they’re not horizontal, must have occurred after rocks formed

8
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Law of superposition

Oldest on bottom, youngest on top

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Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships

Faults that cut across preexisting rock layers must be younger than rocks they are found in

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Easily recognizable

Large geographic distribution

Existed for short period of time

Three characteristics of index fossils

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