Anesthesia Review - Anesthetic Drugs

What is the agent type of Butorphanol?

Opioid

What is the agent type of Glycopyrrolate?

Anticholinergic

What is the agent type of Xylazine?

Alpha 2 Agonist

What is the agent type of Isoflurane?

Inhalant

What is the agent type of Diazepam?

Benzodiazepine

What is the agent type of Acepromazine?

Phenothiazine

True or False?

A drug with good sedative properties must also be a good analgesic.

False

What is the most common side effect of acepromazine in cats and dogs?

Hypotension

What is the primary reason to provide an anticholinergic?

Treat/prevent bradycardia

What drug class has the highest potential for addiction and/or abuse?

Narcotics

Give two examples of opioids that are agonists.

Fentanyl & Hydromorphone

Give two examples why Opioids are commonly used as pre-anesthetic drugs.

They help to sedate.

They provide excellent pain relief.

True or False?

Acepromazine has good analgesic properties.

False

What is the reversal agent for Dexmedetomidine?

Atipamezole

True or False?

Vomiting is one of the most serious side effects of a narcotic overdose.

False

What is the colour designation for Isoflurane?

Purple

What is the method of action that local anesthetics use to block pain perception?

Block sodium channels in cell membranes of sensory neurons.

What happens to the heart rate of a dog which has been pre-medicated with Dexmedetomidine?

The heart rate will decrease.

What is the most common side effect of patients who receive Alpha 2 Agonists?

Bradycardia

True or False?

Local anesthetics lose their effect over time because they diffuse away from the site of concern and into circulation.

True

True or False?

Local anesthetics do not cross the placenta.

True

What is the dissociative drug used in anesthesia that stimulates the CNS?

Ketamine

True or False?

Adding Epinephrine to a local anesthetic will decrease its duration of action by causing vasoconstriction.

False

What are the benefits of Inhalation Anesthetics?

Dose-related CNS depression.

Good muscle relaxation.

Quick response to depth adjustments.

What is the duration of action of Alfaxalone?

5-10min - dogs

15-30min - cats

Rapid injection of Alfaxalone can cause ______ and ______ (?).

Apnea & Vasodilation.

How long after administration of induction agents should you check intubation readiness?

30-45 seconds

What are the 3 Opioid Agonists?

Hydromorphone, Fentanyl & Morphine.

What is the Opioid Partial-Agonist?

Buprenorphine

What is the Opioid Agonist-Antagonist?

Butorphanol

What is the Opioid Antagonist?

Naloxone

What are the benefits of Opioids?

Very effective analgesic

Sedation

What is the reversal for Xylazine?

Tolazoline or Yohimbine

What is the reversal for Dexmedetomidine?

Atipamezole

What is the reversal agent for Detomidine?

Tolazoline

What is the reversal agent for Romifidine?

Yohimbine

What is the reversal agent for Diazepam and Midazolam?

Flumazenil

What is the reversal agent for Acepromazine?

There is no reversal agent.

What is the duration of Atropine?

1 hour

What is the mode of action for Anticholinergics?

Block binding of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors.

How long before induction should Pre-medications be given?

10-20 minutes

What is the onset of action and duration of lidocaine?

Onset is immediate

Duration is 1-2 hours.