COMD 220 Exam 1

What is communication?

an exchange of ideas between senders and recievers, message transmission and response feedback

What is a communication disorder?

affects any and all aspects of communication (hearing, language and speech)

Speech is associated with the _____ of speaking

quality

What is a speech disorder?

An atypical production of speech sounds or absence of voice quality , such as an interruption in flow of speaking

What is an example of a fluency / speech disorder?

stuttering

What is Language?

a shared code for communication - symbolic system that follows certain rules, grammar, and expressive language

What is a Central Auditory Processing Disorder?

one can hear sound, but can not process speech information (deficits in processing info from audible sounds) - can’t process menaing

what is Augmentative / Alternative communication?

it is used to compensate and facilitate for impaired communication using different methods, such as sign language

What is an Audiologist?

a specialist who measures hearing ability and identify, asses, manage, and prevent disorders of hearing and balance

what are the credentials of an Audiologist?

education beyond a bachelors degree — such as a masters degree, must have a doctorate (audiolgy, physiology, or education), supervised clinical experience, pass national exam, certificate in audiology

What is a speech pathologist?

a professional who provides an assortment of services that relate to communicative disorders (recptively and expressively)

What are the credentials of a speech pathologist?

masters or doctoral degree, public school certification (basic and advanced corusework), - clincial practice within school setting, ceertificate of clinical competence in Speech-Language Patholgoy, different licenses depending on state

What is a speech scientist?

they do basic research in anatomy, physiology, and physics of speech-sound production.

What do speech scientist exactly do?

they look into causes , prevention, and treatment of speech impairments

What is a language scientist?

they investigate the ways children learn language and do cross cultural studies of language and communciation

What are related professionals that can contribute to a team approach?

family members, physical therapist, music therapist, psychologist, occupational therapist, teachers and educators

What is service through the lifespan?

infants are screened for hearing loss and other disabilities at birth (auditorial signal checked). Interdiscpinary approaches are taken, IFSP are plans for infants with communication disorders

What is a language disorder?

impairments in comprehensions / use of spoken, written and/or other symbols (sign language, korean symbols)

Who are related professionals (to SLPs and Audiologist)?

Family members, physical therapist, music therapist, psychologist and occupation therapist

What is the service through lifespan?

Infants are screened for hearing loss and other disabilities, (babies and toddlers may exhibit developmental delay) and interdiscplinary approach is necessary. Early intervention in schools for kids. SLPS are at schools.

What is a TBI? (Traumatic Brain Injury)

damage to the brain from a blow to the head that can effect speech, language, thinking, and swallowing problems

What is evidence-based practice?

clinical decision making, efficacy, effectiveness, and effiecieny

What is clinical decision making in evidence-based practice?

scientific evidence, clinical experience, and client needs

What is efficacy in evidence-based practice?

the ideal condition; probability of benefit from intervention or treatment under ideal conditions

What is effectiveness in evidence-based practice?

outcome of real word application of the treatment for individual clients or subgroups “what works”

What is efficiency in evidence-based practice?

quick, effective methods bringing greatest positive change

what is the history of communication disorders?

special residences in the late 1700s

When was The Voice established?

1879

When was ASHA founded

1925

When did audiology boom? and why?

It boomed during WWII because of the bombs and big booms

What are the means of communication?

language, grammar, linguistics, generative, dynamic

What is language?

socially shared tool used to represent concepts: symbols arbitrary (look different but all within language)

What is grammar?

rules of language

What is linguistic intuition?

recognition of “right” and “work” grammar by native speakers

What is generative?

each utterance is freshly created (you can make up new words or sentences or words whenever you want)

What is dynamic?

language can chnage over time

What are the 3 components of language?

use, form, and content

What does form consistent of?

phonology, phonotactic rules, morphology, morphemes, free morphemes, bound morphemes, and syntax

What is phonology?

it is the sound system of language

What is phonotactic rules?

how sounds may be arranged in words (think of italicized words in a passage)

What is morphology?

the structure of words

What are morphemes?

smallest grammatical unites, such as girl

What are bound morphemes?

they change the meaning of original words and can only be attached to free morphemes (example: fly vs. flying)

What is syntax?

how words are arranged in a sentence and the ways in which one word may affect the other

What does content consist of?

semantics and semantic features

What is semantics?

content or meaning of language; meaning and interpretation of words signs, and sentence structures

What is semantic features?

pieces of meaning that define a particular word

What does use consist of?

pragmatics?

What is pragmatics?

refers to how and why we use language, pragmatic use vary with culture); it determines (what specific words are used to get what specific point across)

What is speech?

Acoustic representation of language

What is articulation?

the way speech sounds are formed

what is fluency?

smooth, forwardW flow of communication, influenced by rhythm and rate

What is voice?

pitch, habitual pitch (the tone someone uses most of the time), and intonation (pitch movement with utterance)

What is nonverbal communication?

suprasegmentals and nonvocal and nonlinguistic communication

What are the different types of nonverbal communications?

artifacts, kinesics (implicit and explicit), space and time (proxemics, tactiles, and chronemics)

What are artifacts?

how you look, your clothes, and possesions, music you listen to, they communicate to a person about who you are

What is kinesics?

body language

What is explicit kinesics?

clearly defined (a nod yes or no)

What is implicit kinesics?

movements are more general or subtle

What is proxemics?

physical distance between people

What are tactiles?

touching behaviors

What is chronemics?

effect of time on communications

What are things to be considered of communication disorders?

severity, etiology, congenital, acquired

What is etiology?

cause/origin of problem

What is congenital?

present at birth

What does acquired mean?

result of an illness, accident, or environmental cirumstances

What is a disorder of form?

errors in sound use (phonology), incorrect use past tense or plural markers (morphology), incorrect word order and run-on sentences (syntax),

What can possible contribute to disorders in form?

sensory limitations, perceptual difficulties, limited exposer to correct models

What is disorders of content?

limited vocabualry, misuse of words, word-finding problems, difficulty understanding and using absract language

What can possible contribute to disorder in content?

limited experience, concrete learning style, strokes, head trauma, or illness

What is disorders of use?

difficulty staing on topic, providing inappropiate or incongruent responses to questions, or continually interrupting

what can disorder of use stem from?

limited or unnacceptable conversational, social, narrrative skills,

What is articulation?

actual production of speech sounds

What is dysarthia?

caused by paralysis, weakness, or poor coordination of the speech musculature

what is apraxia?

due to neuromotor progamming difficulties

What are developmental disfluency?

speech patters common to young children

What are fillers

“er” “um”

What are prolongations?

excessivley long duration “wwwwellll”

Can deafness be acquired or congenital?

both

What is conductive hearing loss?

damage to outer/middle ear

What is sensorinerual hearling loss?

damage to inner ear (cochlear)

What is mixed hearing loss?

conductive+sensorineueral

What is prevelance and defining problem?

number or percentage of people within specified population who have particular disorder/conditon

What is assessment of communication?

systematic process, obtaining information from many sources

What is a diagnosis?

distingishes individuals difficulties

what are assessment goals?

determine whats wrong

What is a prognosis?

preformed condition of outcome

what is diagnostics therapy?

working with the client over time to better determine strengths and weakness

What is a norm-referrence test?

rank students based onachievments, such as gold, silver and bronze, they take longer to complete (like the SAT) — standardized

what is a criterion - reference test?

students scores are usually given as a percentage, assess smaller number of students, developed by teacher

What are behavioral objectives?

actor, behavior, conditon, and degree

What are clinical elements?

direct teaching, behavior modification, stimulus, reinforcement, incedental teaching, counseling, family and envrionment, involevlment

What is behavior modification?

feedback

What is incedental teaching?

following the clients lead but teach along the way, using a child’s natural motivation

What is counecling?

supporting environmental and others in clients life

What is the most affective thing when it comes to treatment?

support groups!

What are measures of effectiveness?

post therapy test, follow ups, post treatment

What is generalization?

Take a skill and be able to perform it in another, and another place, and another

What is anatomy?

study of structure of the body and relations of structures to one another

What is physiology?

the function of the body structures