Genetics Final - Birchler Bio 2200 Mizzou

Gynandromorph

an individual organism that is part male and part female

heteromorphic

type of sex chromosomes that are cytologically distinct form each other

bioinformatics

the field of study involved with analysis of DNA sequences for gene structure predictions

oncogene

type of cancer producing gene that acts as a dominant and that is a gain of function mutation

S

symbol for the cell cycle stage during which DNA replication occurs

terminal inverted repeat

type of terminal repeat on activator and the P element

M

the designation of teh stage of the cell cycle when chromosomes seperate to daughter cells

totipotent

term applied to cells capable of giving rise to a completely developed organism

fragile x syndrome

the most common inherited form of mental retardation, which is caused by failure of an inactive x chromosome to become fully reactivated during oogenesis.

testis determining factor

the gene on the y chromosome that causes male development

cyclin dependent protein kinases

proteins that activate genes for specific parts of the cell cycle and trigger the next stage by adding phosphate as an activation signal

reverse transcriptase

the enzyme encoded in retroviruses and retrotransposons that converts RNA into DNA

dosage comprensatoin

the process by which sex chromosme of different doses produce the same amount of gene products

enhancer

regulatory dna emlement that causes the adjacent gene to increase expression; it works in either orientation

mosaic

development type in which destruction of an embryonic cell leads to missing adult tissues

morphogenetic gradient

bicoid and nonos form these to initiate the morphology of a fly embryo

leucine zipper

type of transcription factor in which repeating leucines form and interaction domain

regulative

development type in which the destruction of an embryonic cell has no effect on the adult

G1

symbol for the stage of the cell cycle just preceding the stage in which dna replicates

tumor suppressor gene

type of cancer producing gene that acts as a recessive and requires both copies to be nonfunctional for cancer to develop

homomorphic

type of sex chromosomes that are not cytologically distinct

retrotransposon

type of transposable element that has an RNA intermediate

cDNA

copy dna

apoptosis

the phenomenon that triggers the death of defective cells

pseudoautosomal region

name of teh region shared between the X and Y chromosome of mammals

Ti Plasmid

the name of the vector for plant transformation via agrobacterium

hox genes

genes involved with segment identity in animals

direct repeat

what is left behind when the transposable element activator transposes to a new site in teh genome

transposase

name of the enzyme encoded by the activator transposable element that is required for the element to be excised from one location in the genome and insert elsewhere

poly A tail

posttranscriptional addition of mRNA's at the 3' end

G cap

posttranscriptional modification to mRNA's at the 5' end

lyon hypothesis

the name of the hypothesis that one of the two X chromosomes in mammals is inactivated

turner's syndrome

human syndrome resulting from only a single x chromosome present (also referred to as XO)

klinefelter's syndrome

human syndrome resulting from an XXY genotype

biolistic gun

apparatus used to transform organisms by coating gold particles with DNA and firing them into cells

BAC

cloning vector derived from the F plasmid and useful for large DNA fragments

TATA box

site slightly upstream of eukaryotic genes that is main anchor for factors involved with gene expression

inductive interaction

developmental process in which one tissue has an effect on the differentiation of another

long terminal repeat

the term for ends of retrotransposons and retroviruses

zinc finger

type of transcription factor in which a stretch of amino acids surrounds a zinc molecule

RNA polymerase 1 Function

1 transcribes ribosomal RNA

RNA polymerase 2 function

2 transcribes mRNA genes

RNA polymerase 3 function

3 transcribes tRNA's and 5S RNA's