human performance ( chapter 3 > required skills and knowledge )

What are the main circulatory systems in the heart

1. Arteries

2. Veins

Systolic pressure is

Pressure measured when the heart muscles contract

Diastolic pressure is

Pressure measaured when the heart muscle is relaxed. ~ blood pressure is lowest at diastole

Blood pressure is measured in …

Millimetres of mercury

The main constitutes of blood are …

1. Red blood cells

2. White blood cells

3. Platelets

4. Plasma

What does the red blood cells do

Carry oxygen

What does the white blood cells do

Cells to fight infection

What does platelets do

Repair damage e.g cuts and turns them into scabs

What’s does plasma do

To provide the transporting fluid medium

The purpose of haemoglobin is to …

Greatly increase the oxygen-carrying capability of red blood cells

Anaemia is

Is a lack of haemoglobin or red blood cells, or both. Causes ~ iron deficiency, illness, loss of blood from injury or other sources of bleeding like ulcers

Hypertension is

Is excessively high blood pressure

Hypotension is

Excessively low blood pressure

Hypertension leads to …

Thickinening and reduced strength of the heart muscle and thickening and narrowing of blood vessels

Hypotension can cause

Dizziness, shortness of breath, fainting and, im extreme cases, coma

Both hypotension and hypertension can …

Disqualify a pilot from obtaining a medical clearance to fly

Hypertension can be caused by

1. Age

2. Herrdatiry factors

3. Obesity

4. Alcohol Consumption

5. Smoking

6. Stress

7. High salt

8. Lack of exercise

Hypertension can be

Corrected with drugs and by addressing the root causes

Hypertension is a major risk factor of what

Strokes

Angina is

Is a progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries. It can cause shortness of breath and chest pain when exercising

A heart attack is caused by

Complete blockage of a coronary artery. It causes intense chest pain and a crushing sensation at the chest

The risk factors for coronary heart disease are

1. Hypertension

2. High chloestral

3. Obesity

4. Smoking

5. Lack of exercise

Exercise reduces the chances of developing …

Coronary heart disease because it ~ strengthens thr heart muscle, improves circulation , increases the number if red blood cells and improves blood flow

Pulse rate increases with …

1. Age

2. Lack of fitness

3. Ambient temperatures

4. Illness

5. Emotional arousal

Average pulse for a healthy adult is …

60-80 bpm

And up to 100 bpm when exercising

Cardiac output formula

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate divided by 1000

Myocardial infarction symptoms

1. Pale skin colour

2. Severe chest pain

3. Nausea

4. Shortness of breath

5. Pain in the left arm