Intermolecular Forces and Phase Changes

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to intermolecular forces, phase changes, and properties of water.

Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)

Attractive forces between molecules that influence interactions, surface area, and physical properties.

Surface Tension

The tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer to the molecules in the bulk.

Viscosity

The resistance of a liquid to flow, determined by the strength of intermolecular forces.

Evaporation

The process where surface molecules with enough energy change state from liquid to gas.

Condensation

The change from gas to liquid.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.

Heat of Vaporization (ΔHvap)

The amount of heat energy required to vaporize one mole of liquid.

Heat of Fusion (ΔHfus)

The amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid.

Sublimation

A physical change in which a substance changes from solid to gas.

Phase Diagram

A graphical representation showing the states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure.

Hydrogen Bonding

An intermolecular force that occurs between the positively charged hydrogen side of a molecule and the negatively charged nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine of another molecule.

Ion-Dipole Force

A force that occurs in mixtures of ionic compounds and polar compounds, significant in aqueous solutions.

London Dispersion Forces (LDF)

Weak attractions due to fluctuations of electrons creating temporary dipole moments in molecules.