Bio Practice Questions

A

The purine bases are:
A. adenine and guanine
B. adenine and cytosine
C. thymine and cytosine
D. uracil, thymine,
and cytosine

C

2. Four chromatids would be considered a:
A. mutation
B. non-disjunction
C. tetrad
D. synapses

D

3. Which of the following is NOT in the class insecta:
A. bees
B. moths
C. fireflies
D. spiders

C

4. Plant cells differ from animal cells in that only plant cells possess:
A. a nucleus
B. mitochondria
C. a cell wall
D. lysosomes

C

5. Which of the following has the lowest blood pressure:
A. aorta
B. carotid artery
C. femoral artery
D. posterior vena cava

C

6. Barbara McClintock is famous for discovering which of the following:
A. the structure of DNA with Watson and Crick
B. introns
C. jumping genes
D. exons

D

7. Which of the following is NOT true of the Calvin-Benson Cycle:
A. it is also sometimes called the dark reactions of photosynthesis
B. it is also sometimes called the light independent reactions of photosynthesis
C. it converts energy trapped in the light reactions into sugar
D. it does not require stores of potential energy

B

8. Proteins made up of two or more polypeptide chains are said to possess:
A. a resistance to denaturation
B. a quaternary structure
C. a tertiary structure
D. an enzymatic refractory period

B

9. The cytoskeleton of a cell is made of:
A. microtubules, lignin, and microfilaments
B. microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
C. microtubules, flagellin, and microfilaments
D. pectins, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

C

10. A good light microscope has a resolving power of about:
A. 0.5 millimeters
B. 0 .5 nanometers
C. 0.5 microns
D. 5 nanometers

D

11. In which of the following areas of the human body is the olecranon process found:
A. hip
B. wrist
C. shoulder
D. elbow

C

12. Darwin's finches are an example of evolution of a species by the:
A. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
B. genetic drift
C. founder effect
D. macroevolution

A

13. Plant tissues are generally divided into four main types:
A. dermal, vascular, ground, meristematic
B. connective, vascular, ground, meristematic
C. vascular, ground, meristematic, mesenchymal
D. vascular, ground, meristematic, mesodermal

C

14. Commensalism is when:
A. both species benefit
B. neither species affects the other
C. one species benefits while the other is unaffected
D. both species are harmed

D

15. Which of the following responses do auxins NOT typically produce in plants:
A. cell elongation
B. fruit maturation
C. xylem differentiation
D. pollen tube growth

A

16. Which of the following is NOT true about toxic shock syndrome:
A. it is not known to occur in males
B. it is caused by a bacteria
C. up to 15% of healthy women harbor the causative germ in their vaginal flora
D. it is associated with infrequent changes of super absorbent tampons

C

17. What is water loss through the stomata of a plant called:
A. condensation
B. liquidation
C. transpiration
D. exchange

C

18. Spallanzani, Pasteur, and Reti were:
A. Italian scientists
B. scientists involved with dispelling the theory of continuous generations
C. scientists involved with dispelling the theories of spontaneous generation
D. scientists who all began working as lens grinders

B

19. Which of the following is NOT one of Koch's Postulates:
A. the specific causative agent must be found in every case of the disease
B. the disease organism can be isolated in impure culture
C. inoculation of a sample of the culture into a healthy susceptible animal must produce the same disease
D. diseased organisms must be recovered from the body of the inoculated animal

D

20. Which of the following is most accurate about the pasteurization of milk:
A. it makes milk taste better
B. it kills all bacteria
C. it lowers the milk's pH
D. it reduces the population of bacteria

Answer: Genus

21. What does the first word designate in the binomial nomenclature system?

Answer: Fungi

22. What kingdom of organisms does a professional Mycologist study?

Answer: Transmission Electron Microscopy

23. What kind of microscopy does the following describe:
Samples are treated with an electron-dense material and then cut into thin layers. While inside the microscope's column, electrons that are passed through the sample and differentially scattered to show a silhouetted image on a phosphorescent screen:

Answer: Ectoderm

24. Which germ layer in mammals is predominantly responsible for forming the nervous system?

Answer: Homeostasis

25. What is the most common physiological term used to denote how the body maintains a stable internal environment in the face of a constantly changing external environment?

Answer: inside of cells

26. Where is intracellular fluid normally found?

Answer: Gram Positive And Gram Negative

27. In 1884, the Danish microbiologist Hans Christian Gram invented the gram stain, which delineates the difference between what two general types of bacteria?

Answer: Antibodies

28. What are the main products of plasma cells called?

Answer: Medial

29. This anatomical term means "nearer the midsagittal plane":

Answer: Taste

30. The gustatory system has to do mostly with what human sense?

Answer: Sympathetic System

31. When the body is in a time of stress, which of the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system is primarily directing the response?

Answer: 12

32. How many different cranial nerves are there in the human body?

Answer: Sepals, Petals, Stamens, And Carpels

33. For a flower to be complete, it must possess what four types of floral appendages?

Answer: Scolex

34. Biologists usually refer to the head of a tapeworm by what name?

Answer: Coccus

35. What morphological scientific name is given to a spherically shaped bacterium?

Answer: Corpus Luteum

36. What is the name of a graffian follicle after it releases an egg, turns into a yellow body, and begins to secrete progesterone?

Answer: Neutrophil

37. Which white blood cell is typically known as the body's first line of defense:

Answer: Rhizomes

38. What is the botanical name for the horizontal stems that allow a plant to spread underground?

Answer: Pea

39. Mendel did most of his original experimentation using this type of plant:

Answer: Esophagus, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

40. Order the following from the part of the digestive tract nearest to the beginning to the part nearest to the end: jejunum, ileum, esophagus, duodenum

D

41. Bacteria are more likely used to produce which of the following:
A. gelatin
B. wine
C. pasteurized milk
D. vinegar

C

42. Which of the following is NOT a nematode:
A. pinworm
B. hookworm
C. tapeworm
D. ascaris

B

43. Assuming a male mammal has an x-linked recessive gene which exhibits a certain characteristic phenotypic trait, which of the following is NOT true:
A. all of his daughters will be carriers
B. all of his sons will exhibit the trait
C. there is a 50% chance his daughters will pass the recessive allele to their sons
D. none of his sons will pass the recessive allele

A

44. Which of the following is MOST accurate for eukaryotic cells:
A. introns are spliced out of pre-mRNA
B. introns are spliced out of pre-DNA
C. exons are spliced out of pre-mRNA
D. exons are spliced out of pre-DNA

A

45. The tectorial membrane is found in which of the following anatomical structures of a human:
A. inner ear
B. eye
C. testes
D. ovaries

C

46. Plants gather wavelengths of light NOT absorbed by the main chlorophyll a and b through:
A. photosystem I
B. photosystem II
C. accessory pigments
D. carotenoids

D

47. Which of the following is not caused by a virus:
A. mumps
B. yellow fever
C. small pox
D. leprosy

Answer: Monera

48. In the classification of organisms, four of the 5 Kingdoms are Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista. What is the fifth?

Answer: Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

49. Order the following from the largest taxonomic group to the smallest group: order, genus, kingdom, class, family, species

Answer: Apoptosis

50. The biological term for programmed cell death is:

B

51. Which of the following fins is NOT found on fish:
A. pectoral
B. lateral
C. dorsal
D. pelvic

A

52. In mammals, the embryos have a physiological connection to the mothers body during development. This is an example of:

B

53. The following pathway, CO2 + H2O + energy yields (CH2O)n + O2, represents which of the following:
A. cellular respiration
B. photosynthesis
C. an irreversible reaction
D. glycolysis

C

54. George Gamow made a contribution to biology by correctly interpreting the:
A. X-ray crystallographic structure of DNA
B. existence of reverse transcriptase
C. minimum number of letters in the code for amino acids
D. existence of oncogenes

D

55. Which of the following accounts for the largest decline in death rate in the USA between the years 1900 and 1990:
A. accidents
B. cancer
C. cardiovascular disease
D. infectious disease

C

56. Physicians give patients immuno-suppressing drugs after an organ transplant to prevent:
A. infection
B. a graft verses host response
C. rejection of the transplant
D. viral infections

C

57. Which of the following does NOT directly function in the cytoskeleton:
A. microtubules
B. microfilaments
C. spectrin
D. actin

C

58. Stems grow longer by creating new cells at their tips, in a region known as the:
A. terminal division section
B. terminal mitotic
C. shoot apical meristem
D. apical terminus

D

59. In a typical cell, cytokinesis overlaps with:
A. S phase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase

A

60. Francesco Redi is known for an experiment that refuted which of the following theories:
A. the theory of spontaneous generation
B. phlogiston theory
C. the theory of bad humors
D. the theory that disease was caused by astrological events

D

61. The exchange of gases between blood and the tissue occurs normally in:
A. venules
B. arterioles
C. veins
D. capillaries

D

61. The exchange of gases between blood and the tissue occurs normally in:
A. venules
B. arterioles
C. veins
D. capillaries

C

63. Growth and development are synonymous, respectively, with which of the following:
A. division and multiplication
B. multiplication and division
C. multiplication and differentiation
D. zygote and embryo

A

64. DNA is produced from RNA:
A. by reverse transcriptase
B. by an oligoside
C. by DNA polymerase
D. in yeast as a protective measure

D

65. Which of the following does NOT belong to the Class Arachnida:
A. spider
B. tick
C. mite
D. shrimp

B

66. Transfer RNA with an amino acid attached to it is called:
A. a charged tRNA
B. an amino acyl tRNA
C. a tRNA with an amino acid attached
D. t-primed RNA

A

67. Which of the following is true about a brain cell from a 'normal' individual human:
A. some DNA sequences are present in multiple copies
B. most of the DNA codes for protein
C. most genes are transcribed
D. most genes are arranged in operon-like clusters

A

68. An example of negative feedback control is when:
A. the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier reaction
B. the initial enzyme of a metabolic pathway inhibits a later reaction
C. the end product of a metabolic pathway stimulates an earlier reaction
D. the initial product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the next reaction

B

69. Which of the following is the term for when a segment of a chromosome rotates 180 degrees and rejoins the same chromosome:
A. deletion
B. inversion
C. translocation
D. duplication

B

70. A newborn baby's immunity, which is acquired from the mother, is often referred to as:
A. active immunity
B. passive immunity
C. bistander immunity
D. physical immunity

Answer: Endocardium

71. What is the name of the inner surface of the myocardium that is lined with a layer of endothelial cells?

Answer: Hypothalamus

72. Germs that cause fever usually act on this section of the brain, which is sometimes referred to as the body's thermostat:

Answer: Dopamine

73. Parkinson's disease is caused by a lack of this neurotransmitter in the brain:

Answer: Babinski

74. What reflex causes the extension of the big toe and fanning of the other toes when the bottom of the foot is stroked?

Answer: indole acetic acid

75. In plants, this naturally occurring auxin has the abbreviation IAA:

Answer: The Tick

76. What is the vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Answer: Stigma, Style, And Ovary

77. What three main parts make up the carpel of a plant?

Answer: Swimbladder

78. What accessory organ allows bony fish to remain at a certain depth in the water without swimming?

Answer: Head, Thorax, And Abdomen

79. In many arthropods, the segments of the body are grouped into 3 distinct parts. Name all three parts:

Answer: Tympanic Membrane

80. Vibration of this membrane moves 3 small bones that span the cavity of the middle ear:

D

81. Which of the following describes the major difference between bryophytes (pron: bry-oh-fites) and tracheophytes (pron: tray-key-o-fites)?
A. tracheophytes can survive on land
B. tracheophytes have seeds inside fruits
C. tracheophytes can make their own food
D. tracheophytes have vessels to transport materials

ANSWER: ALLELES

82. Complete the sentence. The alternative forms of gene at the same locus on homologous chromosomes are called what?

ANSWER: ILLIUM, ISCHIUM, and PUBIS

83. The human pelvic girdle is composed of 3 fused bones on each side for a total of 6 bones. Name the 3 fused bones.

ANSWER: SPHINCTERS

84. What are rings of muscle which CLOSE body openings such as the lips called?

A

85. The myofilaments of muscles consist primarily of two proteins. These two proteins are called:
A. actin and myosin
B. progesterone and testosterone
C. progesterone and estrogen

ANSWER: ANEURYSM

86. In studies of the human body, what is used to describe a blood-filled sac formed by an outpouching in an arterial or venous wall?

A

87. What French scientist is considered the father of paleontology? Was it:
A. George Cuvier
B. Marquis de Condorcet
C. Jacque Tonnies
D. Auguste Compte

C

88. What Roman physician's studies of human anatomy based on lower animals served as the only text on the subject for nearly 10 centuries? Was it:
A. Cartrum
B. Polonius
C. Galen
D. Monterius

A

89. What percentage of the atmosphere consists of carbon dioxide? Is it approximately:
A. .03% (read: three-hundredths of a percent)
B. 1%
C. 5%
D. 7%

ANSWER: RESPIRATION

90. What process in all living things releases carbon dioxide as a waste product?

ANSWER: KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES

91. For convenience, living things are placed into various groups. The taxonomic breakdown of living things consists of the following categories:
Family, Class, Genus, Phylum, Order, Kingdom and Species. Give the order of these terms from least specific to most specific.

ANSWER: PHENOTYPE

92. In biology, what is the word used to describe the appearance of an individual without regard to its hereditary constitution?

C

93. The chromosomes responsible for characteristics other than sex are known by which of the following terms?
A. ribosomes
B. lysosomes
C. autosomes
D. spermatocytes

ANSWER: CHROMOSOMAL DELETION

94. What genetic term describes the situation when a part of a chromosome is broken off and lost?

C

95. Each of the following is a cell organelle except one. Which one of these is NOT a cell organelle? Is it
A. mitochondrion
B. lysosome
C. cytoplasm
D. endoplasmic reticulum

D

96. When a color blind man marries a woman pure for normal color vision, it is probable that one of the following situations may result. Is it probable that
A. all the children will be color blind
B. all the grandchildren will be color blind
C. only the sons will be colorblind
D. half the grandsons will be color blind

C

97. Which of the following are skin receptors in humans that are sensitive to heat? Are they:
A. end organs of Krause
B. Meissner's corpuscles
C. end organs of Ruffini
D. Pacinian corpuscles

A

98. Into which of the following acids is glucose broken down in the first stage of carbohydrate metabolism? Is it:
A. pyruvic acid (pie-rue-vick acid)
B. lactic acid
C. hydrochloric acid
D. citric acid

C

99. Hormones are composed from many classes of molecules. As far as our present knowledge extends, hormones are NOT found in which of the following categories of substances:
A. proteins
B. peptides
C. nucleic acids
D. steroids

ANSWER: POLYUNSATURATED

100. What is the term given to a fatty acid that has more than one set of double bonds between carbons