mid-term biology exam

make sure you change the settings to "answer with definition"

long piece on top of microscope

body tube

holds and spins objectives on microscope

revolving nose piece

smallest objective on microscope

low power objective

second largest objective on microscope

medium power objective

largest objective on microscope

high power objective

holds slide on microscope

stage clips

controls the amount of light on microscope

diaphragm

what you look through on microscope

occular/eyepiece

what the slide is set on on the microscope

stage

biggest focus knob

coarse focus

smallest focus knob

fine focus

bottom of microscope

base

which objective is used to focus?

low power objective

how do you calculate total magnifacation?

occular magnification x objective magnifacation

what is a compound microscope?

a microscope using two lenses

first step of the scientific method:

problem or question

second step of the scientific method:

research

third step of the scientific method:

hypothesis

fourth step of the scientific method:

experiment

fifth step of the scientific method:

analysis

sixth step of the scientific method:

conclusion

seventh step of the scientific method:

prediction

the "things" that are changed in an experiment

variable

the "things" that stay the same in an experiment

constant

the one "thing" a scientist changes in an experiment

independent variable

the "things" that change due to the independent variable

dependent variable

what axis does the independent variable go on?

x

what axis does the dependent variable go on?

y

an educated guess made before an experiment

hypothesis

used as a basis of accepting or rejecting the hypothesis

null hypothesis

a group that gets a fake treatment without knowing it.

placebo group

a group actively participating in an experiment. getting a treatment

experimental group

gets no treatment or gets "normal treatment"

control group

a statement that summarizes exactly what happened in an experiment

conclusion

what does a chi square test?

the observed data with the expected data

what is the rule to accept a null hypothesis?

if the x^2 is less than the critical value

what is the rule to reject a null hypothesis?

if the x^2 is more than the critical value

membrane surrounding nucleus

nuclear envelope

control center of the cell. contains DNA

nucleus

dense circular structure within nucleus

nucleolus

when DNA is in long thin strands inside nucleus

chromatin

gel like fluid that contains nucleus and other organelles

cytoplasm

holds cells together, transports substances into/out of cell

cell membrane

outermost layer of plant cells, surrounds cell membrane

cell wall

clean up crew of cell

lysosomes

how do you calculate total magnification on microscope

occular magnification x objective magnification

what is a compound microscope?

a microscope using two lenses

first step of scientific method

the problem or question

second step of scientific method

research

third step of scientific method

hypothesis

fourth step of scientific method

experiment

fifth step of scientific method

analysis

sixth step of scientific method

conclusion

seventh step of scientific method

prediction

one thing a scientist changes in an experiment

variable

the "things" that stay the same in an experiment

constant

the one thing a scientist manipulates in an experiment

independent variable

the "thing" that changes because of the independent variable

dependent variable

which axis does the independent variable go on?

x

which axis does the dependent variable go on?

y

an educated guess made before an experiment. answers the question or problem

hypothesis

used as a basis of accepting or rejecting the hypothesis

null hypothesis

a group that gets a fake treatment without knowing it.

placebo group

a group actively participating in the experiment. they get a treatment

experimental group

gets no treatment or gets "normal treatment", not experimental treatment

control group

a statement that summarizes exactly what happened in an experiment

conclusion

what does a chi square test?

the observed data with the expected data

a series of membranes that attach sugars to proteins and wrap them in a vesicle

golgi body

storage structures for food, water, or waste products

vacuole

storage structures that can move molecules in/out of cell

vesicles

a series of tubes surrounding nucleus. has attached ribosomes

rough ER

a series of tubes surrounding RER and nucleus. transports materials to and from nucleus

smooth ER

found in plant cells only. contains chlorophyll

chloroplast

contains chlorophyll. is a disk shaped membrane

thylakoid

an entire stack of thylakoids

grana

the watery space between thylakoids

stroma

cell particles made of RNA that are scattered throughout cytoplasm

ribosome

oval shaped with a double membrane. make energy by cellular respiration.

mitochondria

folded inner membrane of mitochondria

cristae

plays a key role in the oxidation of specific molecules

peroxisome

chromatins coiling around proteins and forming an X

chromosome

two bundles of microtubes near nucleus that pull apart chromosomes during mitosis/meiosis

centriole

internal skeleton made of protein fibers. keeps organelles organized, helps cell move, helps organelles move

cytoskeleton

only on animal cells. like a tail. helps with movement

flagella

only on animal cells. like smaller flagella. helps cell move

cilia

prokaryote or eukaryote?: 0.1-0.5 micrometers

prokaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: no nucleus or organelles

prokaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: evolved first

prokaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: bacteria

prokaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: 10-100 micrometers

eukaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: membrane bound nucleus and organelles

eukaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: evolved second

eukaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: protozoans

eukaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: fungi

eukaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: animals

eukaryote

prokaryote or eukaryote?: plants

eukaryote

identify this organelle

mitochondria

identify this organelle (not the nucleus)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

identify this organelle

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

identify this organelle (yellow dot)

nucleolus