Plant Stuff Lab practical #2

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129 Terms

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herb
No above ground persistent woody tissue but many have underground perennating structures.
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Sub-Shrub
Lower stems woody but upper stems herbaceous
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Shrub
A woody low-stature perennial plant with one to
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Tree
A large woody perennial plant with one to several relatively massive trunks.
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Succulent
Possessing thick usually soft, watery leaves and/or stems (there are stem & leaf succulents)
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Vine
A woody or herbaceous plant with a long slender, more or less flexible stem.
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Liana
A woody, climbing vine (characteristic of the tropics)
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Annual
Completes life-cycle in one growing season
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Biennial
Completes life cycle in two growing seasons
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Perenial
Lives for more than two growing seasons
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Deciduous (Leaf persistence)
loses leaves during unfavorable conditions (such as at the end of each growing season)
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Evergreen (Leaf persistence)
Bearing green foliage all year round
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Taproot (Root type)
Central main root that descends vertically, larger than any branching root
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Fibrous (Root type)
Thin, thread-like roots arising from a taproot or from stem tissue
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Adventitious (Root type)
Roots that originate from any part of the plant other than the root system
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Aerial (stem type)
An erect or prostrate stem (the most common)
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Stolon (stem type)
A horizontal stem near the ground surface that produces new plants at its nodes or tip (runner)
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Rhizome (stem type)
An underground horizontal persistent stem; its leaves are often reduced to scales and it usually bear adventitious roots and buds
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Bulb (stem type)
A thickened, underground, short, vertical stem with large storage leaves; usually below ground
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Corm (stem type)
A solid, erect, underground stem with leaves absent or dry and scale-like
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Tuber (stem type)
A solid, enlarged underground, horizontal stem that serves as a storage area for food reserves.
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Simple Leaf (leaf complexity)
has a single blade above the axillary bud (located below the petiole "the stem part")
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Compound Leaf (leaf complexity)
has more than one blade attached to the petiole (stem part of the leaf)
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trifoliate (leaf complexity)
Three separate leaves arising from the same nodes
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trifoliolate (leaf complexity)
a compound leaf with three leaflets
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pinnately compound leaf (leaf complexity)
A leaf in which there are more than three leaflets (Pinna pl. Pinnae) arranged in two rows along 1 degree rachis
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bipinnately compound leaf (leaf complexity)
A leaf that is divided twice (had a 1 degree and 2 degree rachis)
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Tripinnately compound leaf (leaf complexity)
A leaf that is divided three times (have primary, secondary, and tertiary rachis)
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palmately compound leaf (leaf complexity)
A compound leaf where the leaflets arise from common point of attachment (no rachis)
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leaf blade (leaf parts)
expanded portion of a leaf
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leaflet (leaf parts)
one of the segments of a compound leaf
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pinna (pl. pinnare) (leaf parts)
The leaflets of a pinnately compound leaf
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Pinnule (leaf parts)
The leaflets of a pinnately and tripinnately
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Petiole (leaf parts)
the stalk of a leaf
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Petiolule (leaf parts)
the stalk of a leaflet
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Rachis (leaf parts)
The axis of a pinnately compound leaf
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Petiolate (leaf attachment)
leaf has a petiole
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Sessile (leaf attachment)
leaf lacks a petiole
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Subsessile (leaf attachment)
leaf possess a very short petiole
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Sheating (leaf attachment)
leaf base enwraps stem
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Basal (leaf arrangement)
Leaves attached to a rhizome or underground stem
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cauline (leaf attachment)
leaves attached to an above-ground stem
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alternative (cauline) (leaf attachment)
one leaf per node
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opposite (cauline) (leaf attachment)
two leaves per node
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whorled (cauline) (leaf attachment)
three or more leaves per node
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linear (leaf blade shape)
long and narrow with the side parallel (\>4:1)
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oblong (leaf blade shape)
nearly rectangular with the sides parallel (2-4:1)
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Lanceolate (leaf blade shape)
spear-shaped; widening above base and then long tapering to apex (3-4:1)
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Ovate (leaf blade shape)
egg-shaped; broadest near base (
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Obovate (leaf blade shape)
ovate, but with narrower end towards point of attachment (the prefix "ob" means opposite, so "obovate" is the opposite of "ovate")
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Elliptic (leaf blade shape)
Widest near middle and tapering at both ends
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Orbicular (leaf blade shape)
circle shaped
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Reinform (leaf blade shape)
kidney shaped
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Parallel (Leaf Venation)
Veins lie roughly parallel to the leaf margins
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pinnate (Leaf Venation)
central mid-vien with many 2 degree veins emergung on both sides
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palmate (Leaf Venation)
all 1 degree veins arise at the same point at the base of the leaf
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Acuminate (leaf apex)
Sharp, ending in a long-tapering point with concave sidesq
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Acute (leaf apex)
sharp, ending in a point with straight sides to the apex (
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Obtuse (leaf apex)
blunt, rounded (\> 90 degrees)
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Mucronate (leaf apex)
A small,. abrupt point
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Acuminate (leaf bases)
Sharp, long-tapering point
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Acute (leaf bases)
Sharp (< 90 degrees)
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Obtuse (leaf bases)
blunt (\>90 degrees)
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Cordate (leaf bases)
heart-shaped (equal rounded lobes at the base)
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Oblique (leaf bases)
Unequal sized lobes at base
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pelate (leaf bases)
Umbrella like; the petiole is attached to the blade inside of the margin; leaf often orbicular in shape.
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Entire (leaf margin)
A margin without any toothing or divison
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Serrate (leaf margin)
sharp teeth pointing toward the apex
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Crenate (leaf margin)
scalloped or round-toothed
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Dentate (leaf margin)
sharp teeth projecting at right angles from the margin
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Pinnately lobed (leaf margin)
lobes towards the midrib but not reaching it
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palmately lobed (leaf margin)
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Glabrous (leaf surface)
lacking hairs (trichomes); a smooth surface
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Glandular (leaf surface)
hairs that bear glands that break down into sticky beads of fluid; may be stalked (stipitate) or sessile
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pubecent (leaf surface)
covered with hairs (trichomes)
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Stellate (leaf surface)
Hairs that branch at or near their base (star-shaped from above)
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prickle (special features)
a sharp-pointed outgrowth from the epidermis
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spine (special features)
a sharped-pointed modified leaf or leaf part
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tendril (special features)
an elongated, twining segment of a leaf, stem or inflorescence by which a plant clings to its support
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thron (special features)
a woody, sharp pointed, modified stem (has stem-like vasculature)
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synoecious (plant condition)

All flowers on a plant are perfect

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monoecious (plant condition)

Both staminate and carpellate flowers occur on the same plant.

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diocedious (plant condition)

male and female reproductive organs are found in separate individuals. For instance, male holly trees produce pollen while female holly trees bear fruit.

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Apetalous (corolla terms)

lacking petals

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Sympetalous (corolla terms)

petals that are connate at least at the base

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Bilabiate Corolla (corolla terms)

a zygomorphic, sympetalous corolla with the limb divided into two lips.

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Plicate Corolla (corolla terms)

it is folded into pleats, as in a fan.

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campanulate (corolla shape)

(of a flower) bell-shaped

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Urceolate (corolla shape)

shaped like a pitcher; swelling out like the body of a pitcher and contracted at the orifice, as a corolla.

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Laminar Stamens

Ancestral stamens that possess wide and flattened Anthers and very tiny filaments (magnoliaceae)

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Epipetalous stamens

stamens that are fused (adnate) to corolla. Key feature of the families is the Asterid clade.

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Didynamous stamens

Having two short and two long stamens (e.g. Lamiaceae and Scrophulariaceae)

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Tetradynamous stamens

Having two short and four long stamens (e.g. Brassicaceae)

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Monoadelphous

Stamen filaments connate to form one staminal tube (e.g. Malvaceae)

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Diadelphous stamens

Stamens united into two, often unequal, sets by selective connation among their filaments (e.g. Fabaceae subfamily Faboideae (9 + 1))

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Staminodes

Sterile stamens (they do not produce pollen): variable in form and size

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Carpels (gynoecium parts)

the female reproductive unit (the site of ovule production, pollination, and fertilization). One to many seperate or fused carpels comprise a gynoecium.

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Stigma (gynoecium parts)

the pollen receptive portion of the gynoecium

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Style (gynoecium parts)

The enlonged portion between the stigma and ovary specialized for pollen tube growth

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Ovary

Basal portion that surrounds and protects the ovules