CJ 101- Sentencing

The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority

sentecing

Imprisonment, fines, probation, and death are all examples of

traditional sentencing

retribution, incapacitation detterence, rehabilitation, restoration, are the ______ of sentencing

goals

the act of taking revenge on a perpetrator, known as an eye for an eye

retribution

The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will be capable of committing future offenses, e.g., receiving life sentence after repeated crimes.

incapacitation

True or False: The United States is the world's leader in incarceration

True

The goal of criminal setencing that seeks to prevent criminal behavior through fear of punishment

deterrence

The effect of punishment on an individual offender prevents a person from committing a future crime

specific deterrence

The recognition that criminal acts result in punishment, and the effect of that recognition on society, prevents future crimes

general deterrence

The attempts to reduce the number of crimes by changing the behavior of offender

rehabilitation

criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim whole again

restoration

a model of criminal punishment that encourages rehabilitation via the use of general and relatively unspecific sentences ( parole and probation are options)

indeterminate sentencing

sentences of fixed terms. This type of sentence is a jail or prison sentence that has a defined leght cannot be changed by a parole board or other agencies

determinate sentences

suggesting a crime deserves a lesser punishment because of the nature of the crime

mitigation

a close correspondence between the sentence imposed upon an offender and the actual time served prior to release from prison

truth in sentencing

A form of structured sentencing that allows a leeway in the sentece require for a crime

mandatory

the ______ _______ ____ requires mandatory sentences (sometimes without parole) when convicted of third serious felony

three strike rule

___________ _______ laws and the three strike rule can impact factors in sentencing.

habitual offenders

provided the judge with the background on convicted defendants awaiting sentencing ( typically prepared by probation or parole officers)

presentence investigation report

a _______ sentence is served at the same time as another sentence imposed earlier or at the same procedings

concurring

a ________ sentence occurs when defendants has been convicted of several counts and the sentences for each crime are backed

consecutive

the victims's right movement also called the use of ________ _______ _______ before sentencing

victom impact statement

are one of the oldest forms of sentencing, may be used alone or in combination with another penalty

fines

also known as capital punishment, and it has decreased over the past 20 years

death penalty

The lethal injection is one of the most well-known

method of execution

On June 29, 1972, the Supreme Court effectively voided 40 death penalty statutes

Ferman v. Georgia

In 1976, the death penalty was reinstated because of which case?

Gregg v. Georgia

In 1963, this person was the last prisoner to be executed in New Jersey.

Ralph Hudson

in 1963, this person was the last prisoner to be executed in New York

Eddie Lee

Age is a bar to execution when the offender committed the crime when he was younger than 18, because of which case? (2005)

Roper V. Simmons

There is no upper age on execution (no maximum age) to the

capital punishment