DNA, Inheritance, and Genetics

What is DNA?

DNA holds the specific code for your body.

What is the anatomy and structure of DNA?

DNA is made up of Nucleotides

A Nucleotide is composed of two parts:

\~DNA backbone

\~Made of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and phosphorous

\-Rungs of the ladder: Bases

\~Made of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

\
The bases interact to make a twisted ladder shape, called a double helix (the bases make up the rungs on the ladder).

What is a gene?

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.

What is an Allele?

A part for a trait given by a parent organism: Part of *Ww*

What is a dominant trait?

A gene that is always expressed and hides others

What is a recessive trait?

A gene that is only expressed when a dominant gene is not present

What is Homozygous?

Two of the same gene

What is Heterozygous?

Two different genes

What is Phenotype?

A physical representation of the genotype

Example: brown or blue eyes **Instead of** WW or Ww

What is a Genotype?

The inherited set of alleles given by the parent

Example: WW or ww or Ww

What are Punnet Squares?

A tool used to predict traits of an offspring

* ***Letters are used as symbols to designate genes***
* ***Capital letters are used for dominant genes***
* ***Lower case letters are used for recessive genes***
* ***Genes always exist in pairs***

What do genes determine?

Genes determine how you look, move, and grow.

What do you get your genes from?

You get your genes from your parents.

What is inheritance?

Inherited characteristics from both parents. The child inherits equal amounts of DNA from each parent. Each parent passes down one copy of each of their genes- this contributes to genetic variation. Unique set of inherited characteristics.

What determines your physical characteristics?

Genes: Genes determine how we look, move, and grow.

\-You get your genes from your parents.

Where does a trait come from?

A trait comes from genes that come from the parents.

What do the two basic types of genes do?

\-Dominant genes are the genes that are always expressed and hide others.

\-Recessive genes are the genes that are only expressed when a dominant gene is not present.

Where is DNA located?

Inside the cell is the nucleus- Inside the nucleus is the chromosome- Inside Chromosome is the DNA or hereditary material.

What is a Trait?

Characteristics inherited from parents through DNA

What are genetics?

Genetics is how genes and traits are passed down from one generation to the next.

What are the bases? (there are four)

There are four bases:

Adenine: A

Thymine: T

Guanine: G

Cytosine: C

* A only pairs with T and G only pairs with C.

How does DNA replicate?

One protein separates the two strands of DNA and another protein brings the correct new base to pair with the existing base.

* A with T, and G with C

What is the DNA backbone made up of?

\~DNA backbone

\~Made of phosphorous, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen

What are the rungs of the ladder made up of?

\-Rungs of the ladder: Bases

\~Made of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

What do the four base order do?

The order codes for your genes.