Spain and Franco

Spain Before Franco(ECONOMIC)

It had brought many struggles to Spain, there was no understanding of liberal democracy so people wanted the destruction of the Republic, The Church and Roman Catholics resented being attacked for their power/privileges, the army feared loss of influence and social revolution, the country was divided between those who wanted to preserve traditional spain, and those that wanted to replace it with local self-government(Catalan and Basque), economic hardship from the great depression.

Effects of The Spanish Civil War(1936-1939)

700,000 people killed, Franco would be forced to “clean up” after the war, 250,000 in prison camps, 200 towns destroyed, 60% of railways destroyed, 5,000 Churches destroyed, 500,000 in exile.

Political Parties of the Civil War

CNT(confederation workers party), CEDA(largest party), Falange(Fascist party), POUM(Popular front), PSOE(the socialist workers party).

CNT(Confederation Workers Party)

brought into gov. 1936, an anarchist labor union. Had to defend against a coup attempt by Melilla.

CEDA

The largest party, led by Gil Robles, the Legalist Right Parliamentary defended the church, landlords, middle class, anyone who didn’t like the left, pro-church state laws, stopped supporting the gov. when it turned left, caused general strikes.

Gil Robles

leader of CEDA

Falange(Fascist party)

influenced by Italian fascism and led by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera, they sought strong government, redistribution of land, and Spanish imperialist expansion. They did not like: the republican constitution, capitalism, and clericalism. They grew from 5,000 to 500,000 from the failure of the Popular Front, Supporters: wealthy families and students. Because of so many different political parties it made it easier for Franco and the Falange to gain supporters from all across Spain.

Jose Antonio Primo De Rivera

Leader of the Fascist Party, sought spanish expansion

POUM(Popular front)

Combination of left wing parties and communists, ran the government before the civil war. Their failure to rule effectively caused strikes, church bombings, and many would not join it. The Left wing divided spain into electoral districts. Supporters: revolutionary workers and peasants.

PSOE(Socialist Workers party)

had no military force and lacked the strength that other political parties had, they supported the republic and participated in coalition governments. The PSOE was banned following the rise of Franco.

Franco 1939-1975(INDOCTRINATION)

Franco issued a manifesto justifying the revolt on the government, lots of support towards Hitler and mussolini, he held assemblies where people had to wear specific outfits “morning suits”, the control of propaganda(though not complete domination), was strong.

“Morning Suits”

an outfit that was to be worn at Franco’s assemblies

Franco 1939-1975(FORCE AND TERROR)

He was famous for brutality, was a Junta leader(military dictator), he came into power through a military coup, supported by Hitler and Mussolini, and they gave him with weapons and supplies. He traveled with a large cavalry to scare the public or any who might try and plot against his regime, Merged Carlists, the Falange, and CEDA into one force. 200,000 put in labor camps immediately after his rise to power, 500,000 exiled, Basque and Catalan rights purged and the language suppressed. Franco gained the power to create laws and rights without the approval of the cabinet, influenced Hitler with his brutal techniques. And created the Law for Repression of Freemasonry and Communism.

Generalissimo

Franco had absolute military authority

Law for the Repression of Freemasonry and Communism

this was the institutionalizing of repression under Franco

Franco 1939-1975(SCAPEGOATING)

Franco united people against democracy, made enemies of the church by suppressing their power, The Mutual Defence Pact(united with the US in fear of communism during the cold war), suppression of free thinking.

The Mutual Defence Pact

Spain allied with the united states during the Cold War for fear of communism.

Franco 1939-1975(CONTROLLED PARTICIPATION)

Public assemblies, suppressed Catalan and Basque rights, spain became more isolationist, control over civilian lives, torture and murder were used as motivation for participation.

The Concordat of 1951 the Vatican

The church recognized franco’s regime in exchange for control over education, a role in social policy, and right to the proselytize. They turned a blind eye to the treatment of Franco’s enemy Cardinal Segura of Seville(who franco killed).

Franco

Military Junta leader, led as the dictator in spain from 1939-1975(a long time), he believed in the Falange(fascist party) and led Fascist Italy. He supported Hitler, Mussolini, and their techniques of dictatorship.

Gil Robles

Leader of the political party CEDA

JAP(juventud de action popular)

Juventud de Action Popular, the CEDA youth movement

Sunjurjada

Attempted coup led by General Sanjerjo in 1932