Prof Comm Vocab Semester Review (copy)

Hearing

Hearing

an automatic reaction of the senses and nervous system to sound

Listening

the process of understanding what was said

Active

the listener participates and shares in the communication process by guiding the speaker toward common interests

Passive

the listener does not share in the responsibility, nor involve himself in the communication process

Discriminative

Listening by singling out one sound from a noisy environment

Appreciative

Listening used to enjoy pleasurable sounds like music, song or nature

Deliberative

Listening to understand, analyze, and evaluate messages so you can make a decision

Empathic

Listening that encourages people to talk freely without fear of embarrassment

Critical

Listening used to analyze and evaluate a message for logic and value

Filters

Our experiences and background that taints the information we hear

Nonverbal Communication

A system of symbolic behaviors that includes all forms of communication, except words, that transmits meaning.

Subconscious

nonverbal communication is often sent and received on a ___________ level. We are usually not aware of the messages we send nonverbally.

Contextual

nonverbal communication depends on the situation in which it occurs.

Ambiguous

the meaning is open to interpretation and often confusing.

Cultural

nonverbal communication has a distinct cultural nature.

Proxemics

Also known as proximity; knowledge that deals with the amount of space that people feel is necessary to set between themselves and others and the message it conveys.

Small Group

At least 3, but not more than 15 people

Synergy

The idea that two heads are better than one

Rules

Specific guidelines related to specific issues; are often written down formally

Norms

Standards that govern behavior; are rarely written down, just understood

Roles

Consistent ways you communicate with others in a group

Group Cohesiveness

The degree of attraction that members of a group feel toward one another and the group.

Groupthink

A tendency in groups to become more focused on reaching a solution than exploring the problem fully (Challenger)

Panel Discussion

Informal discussion that takes place in front of an audience

Round Table Discussion

A conference for discussion, or deliberation, by several participants

Symposium

Formal while presenting opposing points of view (ex. debate between two opponents)

Town Hall Meeting

An American term given to an informal public meeting, function, or event derived from the traditional town meetings of New England.

Intrapersonal

language used or thought internal to the communicator

Self-Awareness

your level of knowledge about yourself

Self-Esteem

how you feel about yourself

Personality

emotions, thoughts, and behavior patterns that a person has

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

when you make a prediction that comes true because you made the prediction and acted on it as if it were true.

Self Disclosure

providing information to others that they would not learn if we did not tell them

Reciprocity

we expect others to share similar information

Open self-disclosure

Known to you and others

Blind self-disclosure

Known to others, not known to you

Hidden self-disclosure

Know to you, not known to others

Unknown self-disclosure

Not known to you or others

Interpersonal

communication between 2 persons or among a small group of persons

Interpersonal Attraction

the degree to which you desire to form or maintain a relationship

Visual Learners

symbols, boxes, charts, images, and colors

Aural Learners

A passion for words, writing, tongue twisters, and rhymes

Verbal Learners

Prefer listening, sounds, and music

Physical Learners

Prefer moving, doing, and touching to learn

Logical Learners

Prefer to understand the "whole picture"

Social Learners

Prefer to learn in groups instead of on their own

Solitary Learners

Prefer to learn on their own instead of in groups

Introverts

Prefer solitary activities, Get exhausted by social interaction & are Sensitive to external stimulation (e.g. sound, sight, or smell)

Extroverts

Prefer group activities, Get energized by social interaction & Tend to be more enthusiastic and more easily excited

Sensing Personalities

Highly practical, pragmatic, and down-to-earth, Strong habits, & Focus on what is happening or has already happened

Intuition Personalities

Very imaginative, open-minded, and curious, Prefer novelty over stability & Focus on hidden meanings and future possibilities

Thinking Personalities

Focus on rationality, prioritizing logic over emotions, Tend to hide their feelings & Efficiency is more important than cooperation

Feeling Personalities

Sensitive and emotionally expressive, more empathic and less competitive, & Focus on social harmony and cooperation

Judging Personalities

Decisive, thorough, and highly organized, Value clarity, predictability, and closure, & Prefer structure and planning to spontaneity

Perceiving Personalities

Very good at improvising and spotting opportunities, Flexible, relaxed nonconformists, & Prefer keeping their options open

Communication

a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior

Public Communication

a large group of people

Mass Communication

via TV or radio, news, debates

Organizational Communication

communication within a business & communicating with co-workers

Context

an environment where communication is taking place

Sender/Receiver

people involved in the communication

Message

what is being communicated

Channel

the method of communication (e-mail, letter, face-to-face, speech)

Feedback

reaction to communication (verbal or nonverbal)

Noise

anything that interferes with communication

Physical

actual audible interference

Psychological/physiological

the individual psychological state

Semantic

ambiguity in language

Denotative

Conveys content; the actual, literal dictionary definition of a word

Connotative

Conveys emotion and feelings; the emotional and imaginative association surrounding a word

Formal

Interview language

Standard

Day to day language used with the general population

Informal / Slang

Used with friends and peers & Contains dialectical words and slang unique to that particular region or group of people

Technical

Words used that are specific to a particular activity, Also known as jargon

Imagery

Language that creates pictures

Metaphor

Figure of speech - Compares two usually unrelated things

Simile

Uses the words "like" or "as"

Allusion

Reference to a well-known person, place or thing

Parallelism

Using the same grammatical form to express ideas that should be treated equally

Antithesis

Contrast of one term to another

Oxymoron

Places opposition directly side-by-side

Irony

Things that imply the opposite of what they seem to say on the surface

Personification

Giving human characteristics to nonhuman things

Hyperbole

Exaggeration of the truth

Understatement

Opposite of hyperbole

Alliteration

Repeat initial sounds

Assonance

Repeat vowel sounds

Consonance

Repeat consonants - Repeating Words or Groups of Words

Supportive

already agrees with you going in to the speech.

Indifferent

somewhat apathetic about the subject matter; they must be made to see the importance of the topic in order to persuade them in to believe a certain way or take action.

Uncommitted

audience attends your speech because they desire information to assist in forming an opinion or taking an action

Unsupportive

audience does not agree with your perspective and may have hostile attitudes toward your intentions.

Autocratic leadership

leader who makes the decisions, gives the orders and generally controls all activities; has little concern for group consensus, is very dictatorial and very "in control."

Democratic Leadership

leader who motivates followers to participate in decision making in an effort to get the majority to agree and commit to decisions. If members disagree, then the leader tries to resolve the problem.

Lazzie Faire leadership

leader who sits back and lets the group figure things out; take a laid back, "hands off" approach to group leadership; members may not even know who the leader is

Aggressive tone

My way or the highway, Wants to win at all costs

Nonassertive tone

Doesn't talk much Backs down Hard to read

Assertive tone

Direct, but tactful Considers location, timing, intensity, relationships Solves problems

Expert Power

Direct, but tactful Considers location, timing, intensity, relationships Solves problems

referent power

being well liked or having likeable qualities