Orthopaedics Revision Notes

These flashcards encompass key

Histology of Bone

Study of the structure and function of bone tissue.

Osteoblast

Bone-forming cells responsible for synthesizing and mineralizing bone.

Osteoclast

Bone-resorbing cells that break down bone tissue.

Osteoid

The organic matrix of bone, primarily made of collagen.

Hydroxyapatite

The inorganic component of bone, providing rigidity and strength.

Bone remodeling

The process of bone resorption and formation, maintaining bone integrity.

Joint Anatomy

The structural organization of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and synovial membranes at articulating points.

Fracture

A break in the continuity of the bone.

Bone Tumors

Abnormal growths of bone tissue, can be benign or malignant.

Congenital Diseases

Diseases present at birth that may affect bone development.

Thromboembolism

A condition in which a blood clot travels and lodges in a blood vessel.

ALP (Alkaline phosphatase)

An enzyme that is a marker for bone formation and remodeling.

Paget's disease

A disease that disrupts the normal process of bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and deformed bones.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.

Septic Arthritis

Infection of the joint space caused by bacteria, leading to joint inflammation.

Gout

A type of inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals.

Tendon Injuries

Injuries to the connective tissue that attach muscle to bone, often resulting from overuse or acute trauma.

Skeletal Muscle Physiology

The study of muscle function, contraction, and dynamics in relation to movement.

Ankylosis

Abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones.

Hip Dysplasia

A developmental disorder in which the hip joint does not properly form during growth.

Avascular Necrosis (AVN)

Bone tissue death due to a lack of blood supply.

Coxa Vara

A deformity in which the neck of the femur is at a decreased angle with the femoral shaft.

Fracture Healing Stages

The biological process of bone healing typically includes inflammation, repair, and remodeling.

Mirel's Criteria

A scoring system used for assessing the risk of pathological fractures in patients with metastatic bone disease.

Compartment Syndrome

Increased pressure within a muscle compartment that can lead to muscle and nerve damage.

Spondylolisthesis

A condition where one vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below it.

Scoliosis

A lateral curvature of the spine that can occur in a C or S shape.

Pelvic Fracture Management

The clinical approach to treating fractures in the pelvic region.