ATP, redox, electron carriers pt 2 + cellular respiration overview

ATP

• adenine, ribose, 3 P groups

• major product of most catabolic pathways

• major source of energy for most anabolic pathways

ATP reaction hydrolysis & about it

• ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy

• terminal (end) P group on ATP is unstable due to high concentration of negative charge

• exergonic reaction, products r more stable

phosphorylation

energy given off from ATP hydrolysis is immediately coupled with an endergonic reaction

oxidation

loss of electrons/ lost H atoms or gains O atoms

reduction

atom gains electrons/ H atoms gained or lost O atoms

electron carrier reduction

• NAD+ picks up 2 electrons & 1 H+ to be NADH

• FAD picks up 2 electrons & 2 H+ to be FADH2

obligate anaerobes

organisms that use molecules like NO2, SO4, CO2, Fe³⁺ to help facilitate respiration

obligate aerobes

organisms that need oxygen to facilitate respiration eg humans

facultative aerobes

organisms that are fine with/without oxygen

goals of cellular respiration

• breaking bonds of glucose to free carbon to make CO2 (waste)

• breaking bonds of glucose to free hydrogen and form water

• generate as much free energy as possible