Lesson 7. Philippine Medicinal Plants

folkloric

The _______ use of plants has played a vital role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of life for thousands of years.

cultural and social factors

The high patronage of medicinal plants can be influenced by a._____________, as well as by the belief that b.___________ pose no risk

a = ?

natural products

The high patronage of medicinal plants can be influenced by a._____________, as well as by the belief that b.___________ pose no risk

b = ?

traditional medicines

Studies on _________________ are integral to knowledge, skills, and practices grounded in theories, beliefs, and practices endemic to diverse cultures, used to maintain and improve health, as well as for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of physical and mental illnesses.

Medicinal Plants

• refers all plants

Herbal Plants

• refers to Herbs

Traditional Medicines

• uses plants, animals, and minerals

Medicinal Plants

A type of medicine that uses roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or seeds of plants (dried or fresh) to improve health, prevent disease, and treat illness.

80%

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), _____ of the population in Asian and African countries uses herbal medicine as primary healthcare.

Medicinal Plants

Crude drug, fresh or dried, prepared as a remedy

Food/Dietary Supplements

MP → extracted → manufactured → registered with FDA → commercially available

Drugs

MP → extracted → isolated, characterized → undergo clinical trials → manufactured → registered with FDA → commercially available

Decoction

COMMON METHODS IN EXTRACTING ETHNOFORMULATIONS/MEDICINALS

• aqueous preparations of plant parts boiled in water.

Infusion

COMMON METHODS IN EXTRACTING ETHNOFORMULATIONS/MEDICINALS

• Hot water is poured over dried or fresh plant material, allowed to stand, and then tightly covered.

Expression

COMMON METHODS IN EXTRACTING ETHNOFORMULATIONS/MEDICINALS

• To extract or squeeze the juice

Bath/Washes

COMMON METHODS IN EXTRACTING ETHNOFORMULATIONS/MEDICINALS

• Decoction, infusions, expression that are used to bathe or wash the body

Trituration

COMMON METHODS IN EXTRACTING ETHNOFORMULATIONS/MEDICINALS

• For fresh plant parts, a mortar and pestle or a wooden container with a wooden pestle is used to produce a mush or pulp.

Comminution

COMMON METHODS IN EXTRACTING ETHNOFORMULATIONS/MEDICINALS

• Reduction of plant material to smaller pieces by cutting or grinding.

Direct Heat

APPLICATION OF HEAT

• By passing through a flame.

• To wilt the specimen, making it pliable, or to activate the enzyme.

Indirect Heat

APPLICATION OF HEAT

• Heat in a suitable container.

• Provides a gentle, more controlled temperature; should not be destroyed by high heat.

• E.g., the top of a pot cover while cooking

Roasting

APPLICATION OF HEAT

• Throwing the plant part into flames until charred.

• Intensive dry-heat method.

• To concentrate their active constituents or to easily grind them into powder.

• Used for roots, rhizomes, or barks.

Guidebook on the Proper Use of Medicinal Plants

NATIONAL INTEGRATED RESEARCH PROGRAM IN MEDICINAL PLANTS (NIRPROMP)

Books on Medicinal Plants

• contains 115 plants; list of botanical names, common names, medicinal uses, and description of plants

Philippine Medicinal Plants

NATIONAL INTEGRATED RESEARCH PROGRAM IN MEDICINAL PLANTS (NIRPROMP)

Books on Medicinal Plants

• The Best 100 ________________________

Botika sa Kalikasan: Medicinal Plants Used by Aetas of Sitio Parapal Hermosa, Bataan, Philippines

NATIONAL INTEGRATED RESEARCH PROGRAM IN MEDICINAL PLANTS (NIRPROMP)

Books on Medicinal Plants

• Listed 74 plants, 10 ethnoformulations from 21 informants

Tinospora cordifolia

UST-FOP MEDICINAL PLANT STUDIES

• Gel Trial Formulation of the Crude Ethanolic Extract of _______________ (Wild.) Miers. Stem and Evaluation of its Anti-Inflammatory, Wound-Healing and Skin Ittitation Activities (Castillo, 2016)

Euphoria hirta Linn.

UST-FOP MEDICINAL PLANT STUDIES

• Platelet-Increasing Effects of ____________________ (Euphorbiaceae) in Ethanol-Induced Thrombocytopenic Rat Models (Apostol, 2017)

Broussonetia luzonica

UST-FOP MEDICINAL PLANT STUDIES

• GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in different extracts of an endemic plant _____________(Blanco) (Moraceae) leaves (Casuga, 2016)

Ethnomedicinal

The quality of medicinal plants to be used should pass:

a. ______________ studies

b. ___________ in various pre-clinical studies

c. refers to Philippine pharmacopeia (cultivation, selection, collection/harvesting)

a = ?

Monographs

The quality of medicinal plants to be used should pass:

a. ______________ studies

b. ___________ in various pre-clinical studies

c. refers to Philippine pharmacopeia (cultivation, selection, collection/harvesting)

b = ?

Compendial standards

The quality of medicinal plants to be used should pass:

a. ______________ studies

b. ___________ in various pre-clinical studies

c. refers to Philippine pharmacopeia (cultivation, selection, collection/harvesting)

c = ?

drugs

SAFETY ISSUES

a. Medicinal plants ARE NOT ________.

b. ________________; as a first aid.

c. See a __________ if symptoms persist.

a = ?

Temporary relief

SAFETY ISSUES

a. Medicinal plants ARE NOT ________.

b. ________________; as a first aid.

c. See a __________ if symptoms persist.

b = ?

doctor

SAFETY ISSUES

a. Medicinal plants ARE NOT ________.

b. ________________; as a first aid.

c. See a __________ if symptoms persist.

c = ?

Basis

OPPORTUNITIES

a. ____ of the drug discovery process.

b. Not enough __________________ in the Philippines.

c. An urgent need to _______ the traditional medicines and healing practices of different indigenous cultures to preserve their traditions and heritage

a = ?

ethnomedicinal studies

OPPORTUNITIES

a. ____ of the drug discovery process.

b. Not enough __________________ in the Philippines.

c. An urgent need to _______ the traditional medicines and healing practices of different indigenous cultures to preserve their traditions and heritage

b = ?

document

OPPORTUNITIES

a. ____ of the drug discovery process.

b. Not enough __________________ in the Philippines.

c. An urgent need to _______ the traditional medicines and healing practices of different indigenous cultures to preserve their traditions and heritage

c = ?