B1.1 Lipids

What are the four main categories of lipids? List them in alphabetical order

phospholipids, steroids, triglycerides, wax

What type of bond is there between carbon and hydrogen?

non-polar covalent bond

Do lipids dissolve well in water or non-polar solvents?

non-polar solvents

ester bond

bond of water between two fats

How many fatty acids do you need to form a triglyceride?

3

How many waters does a triglyceride form and release?

3

Do saturated or unsaturated fatty acids have double carbon bonds?

unsaturated

Do “trans” or “cis” unsaturated fatty acids have hydrogens on the same side?

cis

Do “trans” or “cis” fatty acids have a bend?

cis

A fatty acid that has more than one double bond is _____

monounsaturated

A fatty acid that has more than one double bond is _____

polyunsaturated

A fatty acid with single bonds between all of its carbon atoms is _____

unsaturated

Which type of fatty acid is solid at room temperature and comes from plants?

trans unsaturated

Which type of fatty acid is liquid at room temperature and comes from plants?

cis unsaturated

What type of fatty acid is liquid at room temperature and comes from animals?

saturated

The _____ bends in the chain, the better

more

Why are trans unsaturated fatty acids bad?

hydrogenation

Many plant oils contain what type of fatty acids?

monosaturated

Most animal fats (except fish) contain what type of fatty acids?

saturated

Avocados, vegetable oils, nuts, and fish contain what type of fatty acids?

polyunsaturated

_____ tissue is composed of _____ cells (adipocytes) that store _____ fat in the form of _____.

adipose, adipose, insoluble, triglycerides

Stored triglycerides in adipose tissue can be used for what?

cell respiration to produce energy

an animal that maintains a steady internal temperature regardless of their environmental temperature

endotherm

Where are triglycerides found?

adipose tissue and organs

Where are carbohydrates found?

skeletal muscle tissue and liver

Triglycerides have _____ as much energy per gram awhile carbohydrates have _____ as much energy per gram

twice, half

Triglycerides account for _____ mass awhile carbohydrates account for _____ mass

less, more

Triglycerides have _____ term storage awhile carbohydrates have _____ term storage

long, short

Triglycerides are _____ in water awhile carbohydrates are _____ in water

insoluble, soluble

chemical messenger molecules that have access to all body tissues

hormones

group of hormones made from lipid cholestrol

steroids

Hormones inside the nucleus direct the process of what?

transcription