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What are the four main categories of lipids? List them in alphabetical order
phospholipids, steroids, triglycerides, wax
What type of bond is there between carbon and hydrogen?
non-polar covalent bond
Do lipids dissolve well in water or non-polar solvents?
non-polar solvents
ester bond
bond of water between two fats
How many fatty acids do you need to form a triglyceride?
3
How many waters does a triglyceride form and release?
3
Do saturated or unsaturated fatty acids have double carbon bonds?
unsaturated
Do “trans” or “cis” unsaturated fatty acids have hydrogens on the same side?
cis
Do “trans” or “cis” fatty acids have a bend?
cis
A fatty acid that has more than one double bond is _____
monounsaturated
A fatty acid that has more than one double bond is _____
polyunsaturated
A fatty acid with single bonds between all of its carbon atoms is _____
unsaturated
Which type of fatty acid is solid at room temperature and comes from plants?
trans unsaturated
Which type of fatty acid is liquid at room temperature and comes from plants?
cis unsaturated
What type of fatty acid is liquid at room temperature and comes from animals?
saturated
The _____ bends in the chain, the better
more
Why are trans unsaturated fatty acids bad?
hydrogenation
Many plant oils contain what type of fatty acids?
monosaturated
Most animal fats (except fish) contain what type of fatty acids?
saturated
Avocados, vegetable oils, nuts, and fish contain what type of fatty acids?
polyunsaturated
_____ tissue is composed of _____ cells (adipocytes) that store _____ fat in the form of _____.
adipose, adipose, insoluble, triglycerides
Stored triglycerides in adipose tissue can be used for what?
cell respiration to produce energy
an animal that maintains a steady internal temperature regardless of their environmental temperature
endotherm
Where are triglycerides found?
adipose tissue and organs
Where are carbohydrates found?
skeletal muscle tissue and liver
Triglycerides have _____ as much energy per gram awhile carbohydrates have _____ as much energy per gram
twice, half
Triglycerides account for _____ mass awhile carbohydrates account for _____ mass
less, more
Triglycerides have _____ term storage awhile carbohydrates have _____ term storage
long, short
Triglycerides are _____ in water awhile carbohydrates are _____ in water
insoluble, soluble
chemical messenger molecules that have access to all body tissues
hormones
group of hormones made from lipid cholestrol
steroids
Hormones inside the nucleus direct the process of what?
transcription
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