TOA Buildings and Architects Reviewer

Louis H. Sullivan

Louis H. Sullivan

father of modernism

Louis H. Sullivan

"Form Follows Function"

Louis H. Sullivan

Louis H. Sullivan

National Farmers' Bank

Louis H. Sullivan

Palazzo Style, International Style, Art Nouveau, Sullivanesque Style Style (tripartite design)

Louis H. Sullivan

The Auditorium Building of Roosevelt University; The Auditorium Theatre

Louis H. Sullivan

Wainwright Building

Louis H. Sullivan

Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building; The Sullivan Center

Louis H. Sullivan

Prudential (Guaranty) Building

Daniel Burnham

He was instrumental in the development of the skyscrapers and his ideas of space planning

Daniel Burnham

designs were referred to as neoclassical, implying that they were influenced by ancient Greek and Roman architecture

Daniel Burnham

Flatiron Building, New York

Daniel Burnham

Union Station, Pittsburgh [1903]

Daniel Burnham

Chicago Union Station, Chicago [1925]

Adolf Loos

One of the key figures in modern architecture and design's early history

Adolf Loos

was opposed to the Art Nouveau and Beaux-Arts historicism

Adolf Loos

Raumplan - ("plan of volumes") - a system of contiguous, merging spaces. A physical manifestation of his theories

Adolf Loos

Villa Karma

Adolf Loos

Steiner House

Adolf Loos

Goldman and Salatsch Building

Adolf Loos

Villa Muller

Adolf Loos

recognized as a Master Architecture

Peter Behrens

Pioneered German Modernist Architecture; Pioneer in the field of Industrial Design

Peter Behrens

Developed a more austere and modern style of architecture

Peter Behrens

The use of practicality and optimization developed from industrial design

Peter Behrens

AEG Turbine Factory (Berlin, Germany)

Peter Behrens

Hoechst Administration Building (Frankfurt, Germany)

Peter Behrens

German Embassy in St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg)

Peter Behrens

Linz Tobacco Factory (Linz, Austria)

Peter Behrens

left his legacy as the pioneer German modernist architecture and pioneer in industrial design

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

"less is more" where he would call his designs on steel-and-glass skyscrapers, horizontally oriented houses and pavilions as "skins and bones architecture"

Le Corbusier

"Architecture is stifled by custom"; "House is a machine for living"

Le Corbusier

Functionalism with distinct abstract expressionism.

Le Corbusier

Five Points of Architecture in Modern Style Architecture. o The Pilotis o Free Floor Plans o The Free Facades o The Horizontal Windows o The Roof Gardens

Le Corbusier

Villa Savoye, 1931

Le Corbusier

Unité d'habitation, 1952

Le Corbusier

Palace of Justice, 1952

Le Corbusier

Chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1955

Le Corbusier

National Museum of Western Art, 1957

CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH

it shows emphasis on texture and lighting instead of ornamentations

CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH

Glasgow style

Glasgow style

its elements are related to Art Nouveau which includes floral and geometric motifs, influenced by elements of nature.

Glasgow style

Glasgow School of Art (1899-1909)

Glasgow style

Hill House (1904)

Antoni Gaudi

"originality consists of going back to the origin."

Antoni Gaudi

use of complex geometrical forms like hyperbolic paraboloids, hyperboloids, and helicoids

Antoni Gaudi

La Sagrada Familia

Antoni Gaudi

Casa Vicens (1878-1880)

Antoni Gaudi

Palau Güell (1886-1888)

Antoni Gaudi

Casa Batllo

Victor Horta

his work is complex and circular, with spiral stairs and steel and glass ceilings being employed to infuse movement and light into buildings.

Victor Horta

He creates bright structures with glass walls adorned with plant patterns; he combines ironwork composed of scrolls and arabesques with facades and balconies, and he works with marble and other types of wood

Victor Horta

Hôtel Tassel, Brussels - earliset art nouveau design

Victor Horta

Maison du Peuple, Brussels

Victor Horta

Horta House and Studio

Adolf Georg Gropius

produced a paper on "The Development of Industrial Buildings"

Adolf Georg Gropius

Bauhaus Movement

Adolf Georg Gropius

Fagus Factory (1910) Alfeld an der Leine

Adolf Georg Gropius

Sommerfeld House (1921) Dahlem, Berlin, Germany

Adolf Georg Gropius

.Bauhaus (1925) Dessau, Germany

Jorn Oberg Utzon

Architecture is not an external form but a frame that encloses a collection of ritualized events

Jorn Oberg Utzon

Sydney Opera House

Jorn Oberg Utzon

Bagsværd Church

Jorn Oberg Utzon

Kuwait National Assembly Building

Louis Kahn

"Architecture is the thoughtful making of spaces. It is the creating of spaces that evoke a feeling of appropriate use."

Louis Kahn

known for his monumental and brutalist style

Louis Kahn

Yale University Art Gallery New Haven, Connecticut

Louis Kahn

Phillips Exeter Academy Library and Dining Hall, Exeter, New Hampshire

Louis Kahn

Kimbell Art Museum Fort Worth, Texas

Philip Cortelyou Johnson

"Architecture exists in time" - walking through and experiencing the building/spatial relationships over time

Philip Cortelyou Johnson

Specialized on Modern, defined Postmodernism, and promoted the International style along the way

Philip Cortelyou Johnson

Glass House (1949)

Philip Cortelyou Johnson

550 Madison Avenue

Philip Cortelyou Johnson

Crystal Cathedral

Frank Lloyd Wright

Philosophy: Organic Architecture

Frank Lloyd Wright

specialized in the "Prairie Style

Frank Lloyd Wright

Imperial Hotel, Tokyo

Frank Lloyd Wright

Fallingwater, Pennsylvania

Frank Lloyd Wright

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

Eero Saarinen

"The purpose of architecture is to shelter and enhance man's life on earth and to fulfill his belief in the nobility of his existence."

Eero Saarinen

Miller House and Garden, Columbus, Indiana

Eero Saarinen

Milwaukee County War Memorial Center, 1957, Milwaukee

Eero Saarinen

TWA Flight Center, 1962, New York

Pier Luigi Nervi

"Architecture is a synthesis of technology and art."

Pier Luigi Nervi

"Concrete is a living creature which can adapt itself to any form, any need, any stress

Pier Luigi Nervi

STADIO ARTEMIO FRANCHI, FLORENCE

Pier Luigi Nervi

THE PIRELLI TOWER, MILAN Also known as "II Pirellone"

Pier Luigi Nervi

ST. MARY'S CATHEDRAL, SAN FRANCISCO

Robert Venturi

"Less is a bore"

Robert Venturi

Influenced the architecture of Pop Art

Robert Venturi

Describes combining divergent values as 'both-and' as opposed to the 'either-or' of modernism.

Robert Venturi

Vanna Venturi House (1964)- first postmodern structure

Robert Venturi

Guild House (1964)

Robert Venturi

Fire Station #4

Sir Norman Foster

• "that the best architecture comes from a synthesis of all the elements that separately comprise a building: the structure that holds it up; the services that allow it to work; the ecology of the building—whether it is naturally ventilated, whether you can open the windows, the quality of light; the materials used, their mass or their lightness; the character of the spaces; the symbolism of the form; the relationship of the building to the skyline or the streetscape; and the way in which the building signals its presence in the city or the countryside. I think that holds true whether you are creating a landmark or deferring to a historic setting. Successful architecture addresses all these things and many more."

Sir Norman Foster

High-Tech architecture incorporating Sustainable Design

Sir Norman Foster

Willis Faber & Dumas Headquarters

Sir Norman Foster

Sainsbury Center for Visual Arts

Sir Norman Foster

Millau Viaduct

Sir Norman Foster

30 St. Mary Axe