Organic Chemistry Exam 5 Study Guide

Question-and-answer flashcards covering IUPAC nomenclature, functional groups, properties, reactions, physical trends, aromatics, polymers, lipids, and carbohydrates, based on the condensed Exam 5 study guide.

What is the structural formula for isopropyl?

(CH3)2CH-

What functional group is characterized by an –OH attached to a saturated carbon?

alcohol

Which functional group has the general formula R-O-R?

ether

Name the functional group represented by R-CHO.

aldehyde

What is the functional group of a ketone?

carbonyl (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms (R-CO-R)

Which functional group produces ______ boiling points due to dual hydrogen bonding and has the formula R-COOH?

very high, carboxylic acid

What functional group gives many compounds a fruity odor?

ester

Which nitrogen-containing functional group is basic and often has _________ boiling points?

amine, moderate-to-high

What ____ polar functional group contains a carbonyl bonded to an ‑NH2?

highly, amide

Phenol acts as a weak ___ and is found in many _______.

acid, antiseptics

What happens to an alkene during hydrogenation?

H2 adds across the double bond to form an alkane.

Which reaction converts an alkene into an alcohol using water?

hydration

Complete combustion of hydrocarbons yields ___ and ___.

CO2 and H2O

What toxic gas is produced during incomplete combustion?

carbon monoxide (CO)

Arrange these in order of increasing boiling point: ether, alkane, alcohol, carboxylic acids.

alkane < ether < alcohol < carboxylic acids

What intermolecular force accounts for the high boiling points of alcohols and carboxylic acids?

hydrogen bonding

Name the aromatic compound consisting of benzene with an –OH group.

phenol

What is the common name for methylbenzene?

toluene, (CH3)

Which aromatic amine is also known as aminobenzene?

aniline, (NO3)

Saturated fats are generally ___ in shape, whereas unsaturated fats are ___.

straight; bent (due to cis double bonds)

Give three examples of a monosaccharide.

glucose (also acceptable: fructose or galactose)

What disaccharide is composed of glucose and fructose units?

sucrose

What polysaccharide is the main glucose storage molecule in animals?

glycogen

The normal fasting blood glucose level is approximately ___ mg/dL.

70–100 mg/dL

Give three examples of diasaccharides.

sucrose, lactose, maltose

GIve three examples of polysaccharies.

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Diethyl Ether

first anesthetic but flammable, so not used much today

If it has a carbonyl group (C=O), it’s usually _____ and ______.

reactive, polar

Antioxidants commonly contain what functional groups?

hydroxyl (OH), thiol (SH), and amino (NH2)

Alcohols are able to form a __________, and have a _________ then hydrocarbons.

intermolecular hydrogen bond, higher melting/boiling point

Low molecular weight alchohols (6 C’s or less) are ______ in water. Higher molecular weight alchohols (6 C’s or more) are _______ in water.

soluble, insoluble

Butter = ________; Margarine = __________.

saturated, partially hydrogenated