chem ppe

More free electrons & protons an ion posseses

More free electrons & protons an ion posseses

stronger the metal becomes

Why are metals good conductors?

free electrons

metallic bonds are

strong- lots of enery needed to break them

ionic bonds

transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a non metal atom

ions

charged particles formed by ionic bonding

covalent bonding

shared pair of electrons between non metals

group

electrons in outer shell

Giant ionic structure

A lattice of ions held together by strong electrostatic forces

strong electrostatic forces (ionic bonds)=

high melting + boiling points

Simple molecular structure

Consists of molecules in which the atoms are joined by strong covalent bonds.

forces holding simple molecular structure

weak intermolecular forces, leading to low melting and boiling point

Giant covalent structure

Contains a lot of non-metal atoms, each joined to adjacent atoms by covalent bonds

giant molecular structure melting and boiling point

very high- lots of covalent bonds must be broken

diamond appearance, uses and conductivity

-transparent/crystalline -glass cutting, drillbits -does not conduct electricity

diamond definition

A form of carbon with 4 covalent bonds to each carbon atom. Hard.

graphite appearence, uses and conductivity

-dark grey, opaque -pencils, lubricant -conducts electricity

graphite definition

a form of carbon in which the carbon atoms form layers, each atom joined to 3 other carbon atoms. layers slide due to lack of covalent bonds between them.

silica definition

similar structure to diamond, hard, high melting point, silicon and oxygen atoms present as opposed to carbon atoms

fullerenes definition

cages and tubes with different numbers of carbon atoms

buckminsterfullerene definiton and uses

-sperical molecules, 60 carbon atoms -used for drug delivery systems in the body, in lubricants and as catalysts

nanotubes definition and uses

-very small tube fullerene, diameter 10,000x less than a human hair -strong, low density -conduct electricity -proposed to be used in small electronic circuits

carbon nano tubes are made of

single layers from a graphite structure (graphene layers) rolled into tubes