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final flashcards
The Lutheran Movement: The Setup
When were people relatively unchurched
Not getting to church; Rarely taking sacraments
Popular religion
Elite religion is more orthodox
the 3 elements of The Lutheran Movement: The Setup
became a mix of popular superstition and Christianity
focused on here-and-now
survival is primary concern
3 aspects of popular religion
Alexander VI of Borgias
obsessed with money, power and wanted them for his four children
Cesare
was made bishop and a duke
Lucretia
was de facto pope in his absence
the ability to ignore all the major signs of religious dissatisfaction
what was Alexander VI of Borgias greatest skill
Leo X
forced to deal with the debt created in part by Julius II commissioning Michelangelo
Absenteeism and Pluralism
critical lack of leadership
qualifications
younger sons appointed, first son getting inheritance
Education
many illiterate, not theologically trained, brutal to flock
the Brethren of Common Life
where was Martin Luther trained
university of erfurt
where did martin luther study law
Augustinian order
what order did martin luther enter in his early life
basic reform
access to erasmus’s NT
concept of history
mysticism
what does everything in martin luthers early life have to do with humanism
the church
martin luther did not want to leave where
Martin Luther
who came up with salvation is not based on what you do it is based on faith
Justification by faith
wanted to remove James from the Bible
Transsubstantiation
bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Jesus Christ
indulgences
money for the remission of sins
purgatory
where they were purged of your sins
$600,000
how much did Michelangelo get paid to paint in todays money
indulgences
one thing the Roman Catholic Church had the idea of was
Pope Leo X
who sold indulgences for money
Johanne Tetzel
who is Pope Leo X master culer
Because Martin Luther said you can’t buy your way into heaven
why was Pope Leo X made at Martin Luther
the Ninety-Five Theses
what was written by Martin Luther and refines his argument
anfectugen
stabbing pain or guilt you feel when you know something is wrong
Johann Eck
who does the Church send to debate with Martin Luther
sola scriptura
all you need is the bible
martin luther
who declares sola scriptura
Ulrich Zwingli
made major contributions to the reform
his ability to present ideas
worked to reform clerical abuses
preached against selling indulgences
what three things is Ulrich Zwingli know for
someone protesting against the Roman Catholic Church
Ulrich Zwingli identifies as
protestant
Ulrich Zwingli identified himself as a
sola scriptura
faith
he believes in what and that people are saved by what
communion
The Lord’s Supper
Ulrich Zwingli takes what to things (not literally taking)
a court within the church to manage marital problems
what was Ulrich Zwinglis personal contribution
the families
Zwingli wants the church to help who
the idea of the church
what did Luther and Zwingli agree on
the sacraments
what did Luther and Zwingli disagree on
consubstantiation
Luther was ___
symbol
Zwingli was __
legal humanism
taking legal skills and applying them to religion
Calvanism
we are all predestined to heaven or hell, but since God is merciful some will be saved
University of Bourges
where did John Calvin study
Calvinism
puts salvation in the hands of God, you have nothing to do with it
martin Luther
says you are a good person to avoid guilt
Calvinism
says doing good works is evidence you have been chosen for heaven
change over time
origins
religion
state building
4 themes historians do
state building
which theme best describes this exam
England
the state building begins with
people have history/context, it matters when you were born
what does the Renaissance say about history?
John Locke
what Englishman do we begin with
Charles I
John Locke lives through the execution of who
England
who executed Charles I
Charles I
James I
who were the divine right kings
God chose them to rule and they answer to no one but God
what were divine right kings
the civil war in England
the Glorious Revolution
What other two things does John Locke live through
divine right king
constitutionalism/shared power
AT this point England is moving from what to what
absolutism
divine right ruler
John Locke says what two things are not good
tabula rasa
John Locke say that we are
that you are born with a blank slate, you aren’t born with something you learn it
what does tabula rasa mean
innate
Locke says there are no __ ideas
Robert Salposky
who says we are shaped by our environments
Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Two Treaties of Civil Government
perhaps the first great argument for empiricism, a foundational text for the Enlightenment
Aristotle
who says you only know things through your five senses
tulip
what runs counter to what Calvinism stands for
T- total depravity
U-unconditional election (God is merciful)
L- limited allotment (not everyone will be selected)
I- irresistible grace (if you’ve chosen then you’re chosen)
P- perseverance of the saints
what does tulip mean
John Locke
If there are no natural laws, maybe there are natural rights
John Locke
everyone should have equal opportunity
contract
Government is part of a
popular sovereignty
power comes from the people
defense
law and order
taxes
the government is supposed to do what
John Locke
government is a contract but we give up some rights to the state but we are keeping our rights to private property
Thomas Hobbes
we give up all our rights to the government (sounds like absolutism) “Life is nasty, brutish, and short without society”
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
we give up all our rights to the community. as a result, no one is more powerful than another
Rachel Carson
wrote a book called “Silent Spring” Mother of the modern environmental movement, one of her friends said- have you noticed we haven’t heard the birds sing in the morning, through scientific research that DDT through a process of biomagnification was weakening eggshells, so birds eating bugs that are contaminated with DDT, and the eggshells were weakened from DDT, therefore when the mothers sat on them they were fragile and broke them.
rejects the idea that humans are somehow stained by original sin
if humans are tabula rasa, then humanity can be improved
everyone, then, has a right to life, liberty, and property (except women and slaves, of course)
though he did not say it, logically gender becomes a social construct
relationships are not gender-based but are based on a social contract à i.e., the leader does rule as a husband to a wife
what were the 5 results of John Locke’s thinking
inevitable
constitutionalism was not
evolutionary
constitutionalism was
popular sovereignty
officials
laws
constitutionalism is __ -- and we elect that enforce _
Crane Brinton
who wrote the anatomy of revolution
history as a pendulum
The Anatomy of Revolution says
pendulum
when looking at France think of it as a
divine right
the right side of the pendulum is
power in the hands of the people
the left side of the pedulum is
James I of England
ruled 1603 to 1625
James I
son of Mary Queen of Scots
Struats
James I was the first of the
Elizabeth
James I assumed the throne when who died
Divine right of kings
monarchs are subject to no authority but God
Kings are unrestrained by human laws
What were the Trew Laws of Free Monarchies
The Trew Law of Free Monarchies
How did James I rule successfully
Guy Fawkes Day
British observance, celebrated on November 5th commemorating the failure of the Gunpowder plot of 1605
Bonfire Night
Guy Fawkes Day was also known as
First English Bible → KJV in 1611
Creation of the Union Jack
Jamestown, Virginia
What were some of James I accomplishments
Nelle Harper Lee
Who wrote the first English Bible → KJV in 1611
olive oil
grapes
tobacco
What things did Jamestown, Virginia produce
60,000 pounds
How much tobacco was produce in 1622
500,000 pounds
how much tobacco was produced in 1628
Note
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