AAS Midterm 1

Bamboo ceiling

• Asians in junior levels and middle management but rarely in high leadership

• Some aspects of asian culture that do not set them up for success

• working hard is not enough

Picture brides

1900s women from Japan that were married to Japanese workers in Hawaii — Nobu’s story

“yellow peril”

1850s: During the gold rush thousands of Chinese workers came to America, but started to be despised by Whites for fear of being replaced

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882: Legislation excluded Chinese from immigrating to the U.S. for 10 years. to restrict Chinese laborers

Upheld by SCOTUS in 1889, Chae Chan Ping v. United States

Chinese immigrants had to have ID cards of legality

• had to get 2 white witnesses to sign affidavits proving their legality

Chinese Massacre

1885: Rock Springs, Wyoming

Angered by Chinese miners refusal to join their union, angry mob of white miners killed 28 laborers, wounded 15, and chased several hundred out of town. Not a single person was indicted.

Japanese American Internment

1942: Executive Order 9066 permitted the government to intern Japanese American due the bombing of Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941

the PATRIOT Act

After 9/11, allowed for the warrantless surveillance of all citizens and non-citizens by law enforcement

especially those who “look Muslim,” basically all persons of South Asian & Middle Eastern descent.

People v. Hall

(1854): People of Chinese descent cannot testify against whites in a court of law

Many Chinese people had been killed by whites and were not permitted to testify in courts

Hart-Cellar Immigration & Naturalization Act

1965 - Eliminated the national origins quota

Provided new opportunities for immigrants from Asian countries to join relatives in U.S.

Vincent Chin

1982: celebrating his bachelor party at a gentlemen’s club with his friends

Was killed with a bat by Nitz and Ebens

They got 3 years probation and served no time

First mention of the Model minority

1966: William Peterson, NY times magazine made an article about how successful Japanese people are

Four dimensions of identity

• salience = how much does your race affect your life, the extent to which one’s racial and ethnic features are perceived and experienced as conspicuous during cross-racial interactions (external and internal catalysts)

• centrality = how important your race is to your identity

• ideology = attitudes and beliefs that one holds about race, racism, and one’s ethnicity

• regard = how one feels about being a member of a racial or ethnic group as well as perceptions about how others view that racial or ethnic group

Ethnopsychology

the psychology of races and people

race definition

A sociopolitical construct and while genetic assumptions (intelligence, athletic ability, etc) have been made based on race none of it is scientifically true

racial identity

an individual’s identification a racial group, influenced by racial socialization.

how ppl deal with the effects of racism, give up dominant cultural views on their race, choosing self definition, and developing positive attitudes toward their own race

Helms model

Helms model

• Conformity – Seek validation from Whites

  • Feel no obligation to people of color and may minimize your race

• Dissonance – Confusion;

  • wanting to be white conflicts with awareness of racism

• Immersion/Emersion – Idealize own group, reject Whites; seek racial community.

• Internalization – Define self by internal values; accept group and reinterpret stereotypes. (might reclaim nerdiness as a good thing, or reject it)

• Integrative Awareness – Blend multiple identities; solidarity with other oppressed groups; activism.

ethnicity definition

Social categorization based on the culture of an individual’s ancestors’ national or heritage group

A clearly defined sociocultural history and distinct cultural features that are transmitted across generations.

Ethnic identity

refers to individuals’ attachment to, sense of belonging to, and identification with members from their ethnic group & ethnic culture

Phinney’s model

External ethnic identity

participation in ethnic activities and cultural practice

Internal ethnic identity

a sense of attachment and a feeling of belonging that sustain group membership.

the person’s self-image of his or her ethnic group and knowledge of it

Phinney stages of ethnic development

1. Unexamined Ethnic Identity

   • Little thought/concern about ethnicity.

   • May adopt parents’ or society’s views without questioning.

2. Ethnic Identity Search

   • Triggered by significant event or experience.

   • Active exploration (e.g., classes, cultural immersion, travel).

3. Achieved Ethnic Identity

   • Result of exploration + reflection.

   • Strong commitment and appreciation of one’s ethnicity.

   • Resolution of confusion; clarity and confidence in identity.

exploration VS committment

• Exploration is when one actively questions and tries out various aspects of ethnic identity

• commitment = firm, unwavering decisions about one’s identity and engaging in activities to implement those decisions

How is cross-cultural psychology typically conducted?

cultural differences between the West and another culture

What are the most frequent cultural explanations in Asian American psychology?

Confucianism (e.g. filial piety) and face; and individualism VS collectivism

What are common Asian American values?

collectivism, conformity to norms, emotional self-control, family recognition through achievement, humility

basis of aas psych

(a) race, culture, and ethnicity; (b) acculturation; and (c) ethnicity and identity.

Berry’s bidirectional model

identifying with and becoming competent in two different cultures and degree of acculturation to each culture can be independent of one another

What are the critical points of entry of psychological experiences?

migration histories (includes “flexible citizenship), population trends (includes tertiary migration), internal processes (upward mobility)

How did parachute children come about?

Initially from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore; children of elite; method to escape country’s conditions, top 1%

now middle class, escaping competitive school

What are some code words for race?

multicultural, high-risk, alien, urban, at-risk, thug, posse, unskilled and illiterate illegals, welfare queens, undeserving poor, Sharia law

What is historical trauma?

collective complex trauma inflicted on group of people who share specific group identity or affiliation

What is intergenerational trauma?

intra family, impact of historical trauma upon subsequent generations

The orient =

is a fiction created by whites for style, artifacts and traits believed to be characteristic of the people and culture of Asia, not a real place

What are the five ways Asian Americans are portrayed in the media?

perpetual foreigners, mysterious, exotic, arm candy for White males, invisible

What does inscrutable mean?

never showing emotion or smiling, mysterious

What are stereotypes?

cognitions about people based on categorization into identifiable group

can be based on fact, fiction, or exaggerated grain of fact
For asian americans — model minority and perpetual foreigner

What is prejudice?

prejudging, typically negative belief of individuals or groups based upon classification of race

What is discrimination?

behavior towards people based upon categorization

typically intentional but can be unintentional

What is racism?

the institutionalized mistreatment of people based on their classification in a racial/ethnic group on the downside of power