(2743) Periodic Trends - Atomic Radius, Electronegativity, Ionization Energy - Chemistry Series

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17 Terms

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Atomic Radius
The distance from the nucleus to the outermost edge of an atom, measured by half the distance between two nuclei of the same element.
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Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in the gaseous state.
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Electron Affinity
The energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom, indicating how easily an atom can accept an electron.
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Electronegativity
A measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.
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Metallic Character
The tendency of an element to lose electrons and form positive ions, generally increasing down a group and decreasing across a period.
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Periodic Trend
Patterns of change in various properties of elements, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, and metallic character, as you move across periods and down groups.
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Octet Rule
The principle that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving stability.
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Group
A vertical column in the periodic table, containing elements with similar chemical properties and the same number of valence electrons.
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Period
A horizontal row in the periodic table, indicating the number of electron shells in the elements.
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Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
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Cation
A positively charged ion, formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
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Anion
A negatively charged ion, formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.
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Fluorine
The most electronegative element, with an electronegativity value of 3.98.
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Nucleus
The positively charged center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
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Electron Cloud
The region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found.
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which also determines the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
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Atomic Mass
The weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, reflecting both the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.