Masonry ARC 133 NVCC

What is Masonry

Any man-made building material held together by mortar

What does the strength of masonry depend on

quality of the building materials, the type of mortar and the way its bonded/anchored together

What should mortar resist

Moistur penetration, and also forces coming to it

What should you do to materials that absorb water fast

make them wet so it doesn’t take moisture away from the mortar

When should mortar be placed after mixing

within 2 and a half hours after mixing

what temp will not make mortar set properly

any temp below 40f will cause a poor bond

what is the 3 dry materials that make up mortar

Portland cement, Hydrated Lime, and sand

a mix of 1: ¼ : 3 means what

1 cubic foot of cement, ¼ cubic foot of hydrated lime, and 3 cubic feet of sand

What is Type “M” mortar?

High strength mix, used for high lateral or compressive loads, or severe frost action

What is Type “S” mortar?

For exterior reinforced masonry, exterior load bearing masonry walls subject to high wind

What is Type “N” mortar?

General purpose mortar, used for exterior veneers, non load bearing exterior walls

What is Type “O” mortar?

Low strength mix, mainly for interior nonloadbearing masonry

What’s the PSI of type M mortar

2500 psi

What’s the PSI of type s Mortar

1800 psi

What’s the PSI of type n Mortar

750 psi

What’s the PSI of type o Mortar

350 psi

The more ____ the stronger the mortar is

cement

The more __________ the weaker the mortar is

Hydrated Lime

Ratio of type m

1 part Portland cement ¼ hydrated lime

ratio of type s

1 part Portland cement ¼ to ½ hydrated lime

ratio of type n

1 part Portland cement ½ to 1 ¼ hydrated lime

ratio of type o

1 part Portland cement 1 ¼ to 2 ½ hydrated lime

Cements will stain stones like ___

Limestone

What must be used as backing materials to prevent staining of limestone

Wafer barriers or damp proofing 

What are mortar joints important for

Water tightness and appearance

Mortar joints are standardized at _____

3/8” and 1/2” are also common

Joints are tooled at what amount of time after brick laying?

1 to 2 hours after laying

what are the 3 most common brick joints

grapevine, weathered and concave joints

Grapevine joint

Concave joint

a flat joint, same level as the brick

flush joint

Vee joint

raked joint

extruded joint

cored brick

hollowed brick

frogged brick

What’s efflorescence

The white color stains that some masonry work has, happens when water pushes out salts in the clay

What’s adobe brick

Natural sun dried clays, limited to one story structure

What’s kiln burned brick

Composed of clays and sand most common brick you see, the iron oxide give it a red look

What’s sand lime

Mixture of sand and limestone hardened under steam pressure and heat, comes in colorful options

What’s is concrete units

hardened concrete in the shape and size of a brick

What measurements does brick come in

2 ¼ x 3 ¾ x 8

what’s the over sized measurement of brick

2 ½ x 3 7/8 × 8 ¼

What’s face brick

high structural quality, looks good, comes in colors

what’s glazed face brick

same as face brick but with a glaze finish to make It look good

what’s fire brick

brick that is made up of clay that has a high percentage of alumina, silica, flint and feldspar, used when masonry is subject to high heat

What’s the sizes for fire brick

2 ½ x 4 ½ x 9

What’s paving brick

special hard burned brick for walkways

What’s the sizes of paving brick

the stand size is 4×8 but the thickness can vary being 2 ½ , 3, or 3 ½

What’s special brick

Customized brick used for architectural purposes on window and door trims for example

what’s the header and stretcher formula on bonds

the length of two headers + ½ joint = the length of one stretcher 

American/ common bond, 6 stretcher layers interrupted by 1 header layer

Running bond, all stretchers go between the last layer of stretchers creating an alternating pattern, is held up on the back wall with metal ties

how many sq ft can each metal tie hold

2 sq ft

English bond, strongest bond

Flemish bond, strong bond

Stacked bond weak bond held together with horizontal metal ties

Soldier brick course, the stretcher is facing out

what’s is called when the face of the brick is facing out

sailor brick course

whats it called when the header is the brick is facing out

row lock

what should you do when ordering brick

order it all at once to avoid color differences

What is brick sold by

the thousands

what is brick delivered in

cubes of 500 brick

for standard brick how many are in 1 sq ft

7

how many oversized bricks are in 1 sq ft

6

How do you calculate the # of bricks for a wall

the height times the width then (if using standard brick) times your total by 7 then add about 10% more to adjust for cuts

What do bearing walls do

support any vertical load coming onto them

What do non bear walls do

Walls that don’t support vertical weight except their own and are usually on the exterior, Called veneered walls

What’s a Solid Brick Wall

A wall made up of only bricks bonded together in different ways and in thickness of 8” to 24” or more

Whats a Cavity wall

Used to reduce costs and hollow out the wall for insulation, 2 outside walls are 2” apart which is held together with 3/16 metal ties placed every 18” or 36”, the outer wall is one brick thick and the inner can be 4, to 8, to 12 bricks thick

what’s a Reinforced brick wall

Rebars are placed in a thickened collar joint then filled with grout

What’s a faced wall

a brick facing masonry wall bonded to a backup wall of some other material

What’s a CMU

Hollow masonry units made of PC and agregate aka cinder blocks

Whats a load bearing cmu made out of

Cement sand and gravel weight 40-45lb for a 8×8×16 size

what’s a non load bearing cmu made of 

Light weight aggregate weighting 25-35lb for an 8×8×16 size

What’s the most common size of a CMU

8×16 and the thickness of 4”, 6”, 8”, 10” or 12”

How much smaller are the actual dimensions of CMUS

3/8”s smaller

What’s roan rock cmu

rocky looking surface

what’s rib rock cmu

ribbed surface w/ a rocky look

What’s a reinforced CMU wall 

Reinforced cmu walls by placing dowels in footing every 32” or less, the dowels connect to a vertical rebar grouted into the block cores

What’s BBB

Bond beam block, used for tall masonry walls used to bond four blocks together by placing rows of BBB at different heights

What’s a glass block

Formed by fusing together two glass shells which have been pressed to shape in forms, creating a good insulative vacuum 

What’s the use of a glass block

windows, interior partitions, screens, or a curtain wall for buildings, they offer many colors and textures and provide resistance to noise

What’s a light directing block

can direct light onto the ceiling or and direction

what’s a light diffusion block

can diffuse light in all directions

What’s the sizes of a glass block

6×6,8×8,12×12,4×12,5×8 the actual sizes are ¼ smaller and the actual thickness can be 3 ½ or 3 7/8 

What’s the exterior limit of glass blocks till a support has to be added

144 sq ft of glass blocks or 15 ft on each side

What’s the interior limit of glass blocks till a support has to be added

250 sq ft

what mortars used for glass blocks

cement lime, it is stiffer than normal mortar

how does glass blocks have joints

Horizontal joints are reinforced with crossfires formed of two 9 gauge wires 2” apart welded to it, place 24” on center

What is applied to the edge of a glass block

Plastic which has sand on it for strong bond

How much to glass blocks expand

1 ½ to 2 times more than regular masonry, expansion joints are needed to be placed around it

What’s stone masonry used for

decorative apperances as a venner in front of the main structure

Whats an Igneous rock

rocks formed from heat and pressure, volcanic

Whats a Sedimentary rock

Made of silt or skeletal remains of marine life

Whats a Metamorphic rock

formed by gradual change in character and structure of igneous and sedimentary

Whats the five most common rocks in construction

Granite sandstone slate limestone and marble

Whats granite

An igneous rock most commonly quarried for construction in North America  comes in may colors, non-pourous, hard, strong, and durable 

Sandstone

Sedimentary rock can be red or brown