Endocrine System - Med Terms Chapter 18

thyroid gland

located in the neck on either side of the trachea

thyroid cartilage

covers the larynx (adam’s apple)

isthmus

a narrow strip of glandular tissue that connects the two lobes of the trachea

thyroxine

secreted by the thyroid gland T4 which increases metabolism in cells

calcitonin

secreted by the thyroid gland / decrease calcium levels in the blood / returning them back to normal levels in the blood

hyperthyroidism

overactivity of the thyroid gland

hypothyroidism

underactivity of the thyroid gland

parathyroid glands

four small on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid gland

parathyroid hormone (PTH

secreted by the parathyroid gland / helps move calcium from blood into bloodstream

adrenal gland

two small glands on top of each kidney

adrenal cortex

outer portion of the adrenal gland that secretes steroids or corticosteroids

adrenal medulla

inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines

glucocorticoids

steroid hormones that impact the metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins within the body cells and have great effects on being anti inflammatory response for the body

cortisol

helps regulate fat, sugar, and protein metabolism / raises blood sugar in response to stress

cortisone

is useful in treating inflammatory conditions by suppressing the inflammation reaction of the body

type of mineralocorticoids

aldosterone

aldosterone

regulates salt in the body / it reabsorbs sodium and water with the kidney and excrete potassium

sex hormones

androgens / testosterone (male) estrogens (female)

epinephrine

adrenaline / increased heart rate and blood pressure / dilates bronchial tubes and releases glucose

norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure

pancreas

located near and partly behind the stomach

what does the pancreas consist of?

islets of langerhans / islet cells produce insulin

what is a normals glucose level?

60-120

pituitary gland / hypophysis

a pea-sized gland located in the base of the brain in a pocket like depression called the sella turcica

hypothalamus

region of the brain inder the thalamus and above the pituitary gland

andenohypophysis / anterior lobe

composed of glandular epithelial tissue and hormone control

growth hormone / GH

increase bone and tissue growth

thyroid stimulating hormone / TSH

stimulates thyroid gland and thyroxine gland

andrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

stimulates adrenal cortex / especially cortisol secretions

gonadotropins

influence the secretions of the ovaries in females and testes in the male

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

oogenesis and spermatogenesis

luteinizing hormone (LH)

promotes ovulation and testosterone secretion

prolactin (PRL)

promotes growth of breast tissue and milk secretion

posterior pituitary

neurohypophysis composed of the nervous tissue

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) vasopressin

stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys tubules and also increases blood pressure by constricting arterioles

oxytocin (OT)

stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth and maintains labor during birth

estrogen

stimulates the growth of the ova and developement of the female secondary sex characteristics

progestosterone

preparation and maintenance of the uterus in pregnancy

testosterone

produced by testes in males / spermatozoa