6 - Socialization

What is Ubuntu?

• a person is a person only through other people

What are feral and isolated children?

• children who are untamed or raised by animals

What is socialization?

• the learning process through which individuals develop selfhood and acquire knowledge, skills, and motivations needed to participate in social life

What is nature?

• biological determinism - essentialism

What is nuture?

• cultural determinism - social constructionism

What is primary socialization?

• basic socialization in childhood

What is secondary socialization?

• socialization into adult roles

What is anticipatory socialization?

• adapting to the ways of a reference group that one aspires but doesn’t yet belong

What is resocialization?

• when a new role of situation requires a person to replace an established pattern of thought/behaviour with a new one

  • voluntary

  • involuntary

What is a total institution?

• organizations that intentionally resocialize

What is cooley’s “looking-glass self” theory of socialization

• we see ourselves through the eyes of others

  • 1. we imagine how we appear to the other

  • 2. imagine that person’s judgement

  • 3. conceive ourselves as such

What is mead’s “taking the role of the other” socialization theory?

• seeing ourselves from the vantage point of the other - internally adopting perspectives of others to develop “me”

  • “I” - self as subject, “me” - self as object

  • self - internal conversation between “i” and “me”

    • limited to significant others, then expanded to generalized others

What are the stages of development of self?

• preparatory stage - meaningless imitation

• play stage - taking the role of a single known other

• game stage - understanding the interactive set of roles in a complex system

What are erikson’s stages of psychosocial development?

• trust vs mistrust + hope (0-2)

• autonomy vs shame + will (2-4)

• initiative vs guilt + purpose (4-6)

• industry vs inferiority + competence (7-12)

• identity vs role confusion + fidelity (13-21)

• intimacy vs isolation + love (21-35)

• generativity vs stagnation + care (35-60)

• integrity vs despair + wisdom (60-

What are intentional agents of socialization?

• family, school

What are unintentional agents of socialization?

• peers, media