Chp 1 Intro-Analog and Digital Signals

Analog Signal

A continuous representation of a physical quantity that varies in value over time and contains information.

Digital Signal

A signal formed by converting the original information into a string of bits for transmission.

Sinusoidal Wave

A form of analog signal typically represented by sine or cosine waves, which oscillate with a uniform amplitude.

Amplitude

The height of the wave in an analog signal, representing the strength of the signal.

Frequency

The number of waves that pass by a point in a second, measured in Hertz (Hz).

Wavelength (λ)

The physical length from one point of a wave to the same point on the next wave crest.

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

A device that converts an analog signal into a digital signal.

Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

The mathematical manipulation of digitized real-world signals like audio and video.

Noise

Unwanted disturbances that can contaminate a signal during transmission.

Filtering (in signal processing)

The process of removing unwanted components or features from a signal.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A recording of the heart's electrical signals.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A recording of brain activity through electrical signals.

Chrominance Signal

The component of a video signal that represents the color information.

Luminance Signal

The component of a video signal that represents brightness.

Sampling

The process of taking periodic measurements of an analog signal to convert it into a digital form.

Compression (in signal processing)

The technique of reducing the size of a signal representation for easier storage or transmission.

Periodic Signal

A type of signal that repeats its pattern over time.

Non-periodic Signal

A signal that does not have a repeated pattern over time.

Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

A device that converts digital values back into an analog signal.

Biomedical Signals

Signals that represent biological activity, such as ECG and EEG.

Seismology Signal

A signal that measures the amplitude of seismic waves generated by earthquakes.

Signal Contamination

The distortion or modification of a signal due to interference or noise during transmission.