Bacterial Diseases: Cocci of Medical Importance

These flashcards cover key concepts related to bacterial diseases focused on cocci of medical importance, their characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment options.

Gram positive cocci are classified into____ and _____.

Staphylococci and Streptococci.

The most important human pathogen among staphylococci is __.

S. aureus.

Staphylococcus species can withstand __ salt concentrations.

7.5 - 10 %.

The enzyme __ causes the coagulation of blood plasma to protect cells from phagocytosis.

Coagulase.

__ digests hyaluronic acid to allow invasion of tissues.

Hyaluronidase.

Staphylokinase activates plasminogen to __, which digests fibrin in clots.

plasmin.

Enterotoxins damage intestinal epithelial cells causing __ loss.

water and electrolyte.

The __ toxin causes loss of the epidermal layer of skin.

Exfoliative.

Food poisoning from staphylococci is often associated with __ and processed meats.

custards.

MRSA stands for __.

methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

Streptococcus species are __ and catalase negative.

facultative anaerobes.

S. pyogenes is known for causing __.

strep throat.

The __ toxin produces a red rash and fever associated with scarlet fever.

Erythrogenic.

Rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis are complications of infections caused by __.

S. pyogenes.

S. pneumoniae is the causative agent of approximately 60 - 70 % of all __.

bacterial pneumonias.

Vaccination against __ pneumoniae is recommended for the elderly.

S.

__ is a part of normal flora that can cause various opportunistic infections.

S. epidermidis.

Neisseria species are characterized as gram-negative __.

diplococci.

N. gonorrhoeae causes a sexually transmitted disease primarily characterized by __.

gonorrhea.

A vaccine for __ is available and used during epidemics.

N. meningitidis.

B. anthracis is the causative agent of __.

anthrax.

Cutaneous anthrax occurs when endospores enter the skin through __.

wounds.

The highly toxic substance produced by Clostridium botulinum is known as __.

botulin toxin.

E. faecalis is part of the normal flora in the __.

large intestine.

The antibiotic of choice for N. meningitidis infections is __.

penicillin.

V. cholerae causes a secretory diarrhea characterized by __ stool.

rice-water.

Tetracycline is used to effectively treat infections caused by __.

Borrelia.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of __.

tuberculosis.

The disease caused by Leptospira interrogans is known as __.

leptospirosis.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces a toxin leading to __ in the throat.

inflammation.

Treatment of diphtheria includes administration of __.

antitoxin.

Clostridium difficile can cause __ if the normal flora is disrupted.

colitis.

Treponema pallidum is the causative agent of __.

syphilis.

The bacteria responsible for lyme disease is __.

Borrelia burgdorferi.

The most common sexually transmitted bacterial disease is caused by __.

Chlamydia trachomatis.