Bones, Osteoporosis, and Bone Health (Video Notes)

Vocabulary flashcards covering bone structure, bone cells, hormones, peak bone mass, osteoporosis (types and risk factors), lifestyle factors, and common treatments.

Skeleton

The framework of the body made of bones that provides support and shape, protects soft organs, and works with muscles to enable movement.

Bones

Hard structures that form the framework of the skeleton, providing support, shape, and protection for the body.

Compact bone

The solid outer surface of a bone.

Spongy bone

The inner bone that is less dense and contains many small holes like a sponge.

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down bone tissue.

Osteoblasts

Cells that build new bone tissue using minerals from the blood (calcium and phosphate).

Calcium

Mineral obtained from the blood and used to form bone tissue.

Phosphate

Mineral from the blood used in bone formation.

Estrogen

Hormone that helps keep osteoblast activity higher than osteoclasts, promoting bone formation.

Growth hormone

Hormone that helps maintain osteoblast activity to build bone.

Testosterone

Hormone that helps maintain osteoblast activity to build bone.

Peak bone mass

The strongest, most dense bones achieved in the thirties.

Osteoporosis

A condition where bones become weakened and fracture easily.

Primary osteoporosis

Usually related to older age and reduced estrogen in women.

Secondary osteoporosis

Affects both children and adults and is related to other diseases or medications.

Menopause

The time after which a woman's ovaries stop making estrogen, leading to greater bone loss.

Weight-bearing exercise

Physical activity and mechanical forces during exercise help bones grow stronger and denser.

Biphosphonates

Medications for osteoporosis that act on osteoclasts.

Denosumab

A medication used to treat osteoporosis.

SERMs

Selective estrogen receptor modulators; medications used to treat osteoporosis.

Calcitonin

A medication used to treat osteoporosis.

Parathyroid hormone

Hormone that acts on bone-making cells called osteoblasts.

Calcium and vitamin D

Diet or supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are recommended for osteoporosis.

Fracture sites

Common fracture locations in osteoporosis include the wrists, spine, and hips.