chloroplast
an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Vacuole
cell organelle that stores material such as water, salts, protein, and carbohydrates
nuclear pores
holes in the nuclear envelope that allows materials to pass in and out of the nucleus
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis; may e free floating or on the ER
flagella
whip like tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement
cytosol
fluid portion of cytoplasm
proteasome
an organelle responsible for destroying defective or degraded proteins within the cell; play a critical role in enabling the body to kill infected and cancer cell
nucleoid
a non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated
nucleolus
found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
surface area-to-volume ratio
ratios of a cells outside area to its internal volume. the reason why cell divide once they get to big
nucleus
control center of the cell; contains DNA to direct cell activities
electron microscope
microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen
cell theory
idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure, and new cells are produced from existing cells
lysosome
an organelle containing digestive enzymes; break down organic compounds and old cell parts
golgi apparatus
stacked membranes that receive, modify, package, and secrete proteins transported in vesicles
endosymbiotic theory
a theory that states that certain kinds of prokaryotes began living inside of larger cells and evolve into the organelle of modern-day eukaryotes
plasma membrane
flexible, selectively permeable boundary that separates cell contents from its surroundings; regulates what enter and exits the cell
compound microscope
microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to forms an image
resolution
the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points
prokaryote
a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
cytoskeleton
a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
cell wall
a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell of plants and some others organism
eukaryote
a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration and ATP(energy) production
endoplasmic reticulum
a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another