bio chap.4

chloroplast

an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Vacuole

cell organelle that stores material such as water, salts, protein, and carbohydrates

nuclear pores

holes in the nuclear envelope that allows materials to pass in and out of the nucleus

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis; may e free floating or on the ER

flagella

whip like tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement

cytosol

fluid portion of cytoplasm

proteasome

an organelle responsible for destroying defective or degraded proteins within the cell; play a critical role in enabling the body to kill infected and cancer cell

nucleoid

a non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated

nucleolus

found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

surface area-to-volume ratio

ratios of a cells outside area to its internal volume. the reason why cell divide once they get to big

nucleus

control center of the cell; contains DNA to direct cell activities

electron microscope

microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen

cell theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure, and new cells are produced from existing cells

lysosome

an organelle containing digestive enzymes; break down organic compounds and old cell parts

golgi apparatus

stacked membranes that receive, modify, package, and secrete proteins transported in vesicles

endosymbiotic theory

a theory that states that certain kinds of prokaryotes began living inside of larger cells and evolve into the organelle of modern-day eukaryotes

plasma membrane

flexible, selectively permeable boundary that separates cell contents from its surroundings; regulates what enter and exits the cell

compound microscope

microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to forms an image

resolution

the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points

prokaryote

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

cytoskeleton

a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

cell wall

a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell of plants and some others organism

eukaryote

a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration and ATP(energy) production

endoplasmic reticulum

a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another